Hubungan Sulit Makan Pangan Hewani, Tingkat Asupan Energi, Asam Folat, dan Seng dengan Perkembangan Motorik Halus dan Motorik Kasar Anak Prasekolah di TK Kristen Setabelan Surakarta
Downloads
Background: Motor development is the development of a child's ability to control their movement and closely related to the development of the motor center in the brain. Difficulty eating animal based foods can cause nutritional deficiencies which negatively impact a child's development, especially motor development.
Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between eating difficulty animal based foods, energy, folic acid, and zinc intake with fine and gross motor development in preschoolers aged 4 in Setabelan Christian Kindergarten of Surakarta.
Methods: This was observational study with cross sectional design. The population was all the preschoolers aged 4 years old. Sample was determined using simple random sampling technique with Slovin's formula and 33 research subjects included in this study. The research variables were eating difficulty on animal based foods, energy, folic acid, and zinc intake as independent variables and motor development in preschoolers as dependent variable. Statistical analysis used was Chi Square and Spearman statistic in this research.
Results: Based on Chi square statistic showed there was a correlation between eating difficulty on animal based foods with motor development of preschoolers with value of p < 0.05. Spearman test results showed there were relationships between energy, folic acid, and zinc intake with motor development of preschoolers with value of p < 0.05.
Conclusions: There were relationships between eating difficulty on animal based foods, energy, folic acid, and zinc intake with fine motor development of preschoolers.
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Perkembangan motorik adalah perkembangan unsur kematangan pengendalian gerak tubuh yang berkaitan dengan perkembangan pusat motorik di otak. Sulit makan pangan hewani merupakan salah satu alasan terjadinya defisiensi zat gizi yang dibutuhkan dalam perkembangan anak, khususnya perkembangan motoriknya.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan sulit makan pangan hewani, tingkat asupan energi, asam folat, dan seng dengan perkembangan motorik halus dan motorik kasar pada anak prasekolah di TK Kristen Setabelan Surakarta usia 4 tahun.
Metode: Penelitian dengan desain cross sectional dilaksanakan di TK Kristen Setabelan Surakarta. Populasinya seluruh murid TK Kristen Setabelan Surakarta berusia 4 tahun sebanyak 48 siswa. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling dengan rumus Slovin, didapatkan 33 subyek penelitian. Variabel penelitian yaitu sulit makan pangan hewani, tingkat asupan energi, asam folat, dan seng sebagai variabel bebas dan perkembangan motorik halus dan motorik kasar sebagai variabel terikat. Data primer dikumpulkan dengan wawancara dengan bantuan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik Chi Square dan Spearman.
Hasil: Analisa uji Chi Square menunjukkan ada kaitan antara sulit makan pangan hewani dengan perkembangan motorik halus dan motorik kasar anak prasekolah dengan nilai p < 0,05. Analisa uji Spearman menunjukkan ada kaitan antara tingkat asupan energi, asam folat, dan seng dengan perkembangan motorik halus dan motorik kasar anak prasekolah dengan nilai p < 0,05.
Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara sulit makan pangan hewani, tingkat asupan energi, asam folat, dan seng dengan perkembangan motorik halus dan motorik kasar anak prasekolah.
Sujiono, B., Sumantri, M. . & Candrawati, T. Hakikat Perkembangan Motorik Anak. (Universitas Terbuka, 2008).
Jurana. Perkembangan Motorik Kasar dan Halus pada Anak Usia 1-3 Tahun (Toddler) di Kelurahan Mamboro Barat Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Mamboro. Med. Tadulako J. Ilm. Kedokt. 4, 47–63 (2017).
Christiari, A. Y., Syamlan, R. & Kusuma, I. F. Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu tentang Stimulasi Dini dengan Perkembangan Motorik pada Anak Usia 6-24 bulan di Kecamatan Mayang Kabupaten Jember. J. Pustaka Kesehat. 1, 20–23 (2013).
Irwanto, Suryawan, A. & Narendra, M. B. Penyimpangan Tumbuh Kembang Anak. Div. Tumbuh Kembang Anak dan Remaja Bagian Ilmu Kesehat. Anak FK Unair RSU Dr. Soetomo Surabaya 6, 2–16 (2017).
Rosales, F. J., Reznick, J. S. & Zeisel, S. H. Understanding the Role of Nutrition in the Brain & Behavioral Development of Toddlers and Preschool Children: Identifying and Overcoming Methodological Barriers. NIH Public Access 12, 190–202 (2009).
Ariani, A. P. Ilmu Gizi. (Nuha Medika, 2017).
Sari, D. W., Nur, E. & Purwanto, S. Hubungan Antara Status Gizi Dengan Perkembangan. J. Fak. Ilmu Kesehat. Univ. Muhammadiyah Surakarta 5, 157–164 (2012).
Syahriani, A. Perbedaan Perkembangan Motorik Kasar Pada Anak Prasekolah Antara Pertumbuhan Kurang, Normal, dan Obesitas Di TK Al Firdaus Surakarta. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta (2013).
Worthington-Roberts, B. & William, S. Nutrition Throughout The Life Cycle. (The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2000).
Soetjiningsih & Ranuh, I. N. G. Tumbuh Kembang Anak. (Buku Kedokteran EGC, 2013).
Xue, Y. et al. Prevalence of Picky Eating Behaviour in Chinese School-age Children and Associations with Anthropometric Parameters and Intelligence Quotient . A cross-sectional Study. Appetite 91, 248–255 (2015).
Emalia, Febry, F. & Rahmiwati, A. Hubungan Asupan Gizi, Pengetahuan, dan Stimulasi Ibu Dengan Tumbuh Kembang Anak Prasekolah TK Handayani Dan TK Teratai 26 Ilir Kecamatan Bukit Kecil Palembang. Ilmu Kesehat. Masy. Univerisitas Sriwij. 6, 23–30 (2015).
Prado, E. L. & Dewey, K. G. Nutrition and Brain Development in Early Life. Nutr. Rev. 72, 267–284 (2014).
Kvestad, I. et al. Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Improve Gross Motor and Problem-Solving Skills in Young North Indian Children : A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Plos One J. 10, 1–15 (2015).
Ardiaria, M. & Nuryanto. Hubungan Status Gizi dan Asupan Besi dan Seng terhadap Fungsi Motorik Anak Usia 2-5 Tahun. JNH (Journal Nutr. Heal. 2, 1–8 (2014).
AMERTA NUTR by Unair is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. The journal allows the author to hold the copyright of the article without restrictions.
2. The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions
3. The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC BY-SA).
4. The Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC BY-SA) license allows re-distribution and re-use of a licensed work on the conditions that the creator is appropriately credited and that any derivative work is made available under "the same, similar or a compatible license”. Other than the conditions mentioned above, the editorial board is not responsible for copyright violation.
