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Jumlah Total Bakteri dalam Saluran Pencernaan Ikan Gurami (Osphronemus Gouramy) Dengan Pemberian Beberapa Pakan Komersial Yang Berbeda
[Total Of Bacteria In Digestive Organ Of Gurami Fish (Osphronemus Gouramy) By Administering A Different Commercial Feed]
Corresponding Author(s) : Boedi Setya Rahardja
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, Vol. 6 No. 1 (2014): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Abstract
Abstract
Gurami is a fish with a slow growth because of the efficiency of utilization of nutrients and energy contained in the feed is too slow, so it is not enough energy available for growth. Feed components that contribute to the provision of materials and energy for growth are proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. The ability of fish to use depends on the nutrient feed enzymes in the digestive organ. Enzyme producing bacteria to help digest fish feed with the help of enzymes produced by the bacteria are protease, lipase and amylase. Determination of Total Plate Count (TPC) has a population of principles that determine the amount of bacteria found in the digestive organ of fish, because the bacteria are the main factors that cause decomposition. The purpose of this study is to obtain total bacterial or Total Plate Count (TPC) in the digestive organ of Gurami (Osphronemus gouramy) given different feed. This study was conducted in July-August, 2013, in the Bacteriology Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University Surabaya. This research is a descriptive research method of solving the problem by describing the subject matter into a form that is easy to understand and based on facts. The results showed that the highest number of total bacteria in the stomach of each type of feed. However, if the average value is taken and compared between the feed is P1, P2 and P3 obtained an average highest number of total bacteria on P2 feed, the average number of bacteria in a row in P1, P2, and P3 are 71.8 x 107 ; 64.5 x 107; 2.9 x 107 which also has the highest crude fiber content of nutrients in the form of a percentage on the proximate test is 8.03%. Expected that the results of this study further research on the addition of probiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal organ which will help of growth of carp.
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- Abbas, S. D. 1995. Pakan Ikan Alami. Kanisius. Yogyakarta. Hal 87.
- Affandi, R. 1993. Studi Kebiasaan Makan Ikan Gurami (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.). Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan dan Perikanan Indonesia. 1-56-57.
- Ardiwinata, RO. 1981. Pemeliharaan Gurame. Bandung: Penerbit Sumur Bandung.
- Bairagi, A., GK.Sarkar., SK. Sen and AK. Ray. 2004. Evaluation of the nutritive value of Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal, inoculated with fish intestinal bacteria Bacillus subtilus and Bacillus circulans in formulated diets for rohu, Lobeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings. Aquaculture Research, 35: 436-446.
- Fardiaz, S. 1992. Petunjuk Laboratorium. Analisis Mikrobiologi Pangan. Bogor: Pusat Antar Universitas Pangan dan Gizi, Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Institut Pertanian Bogor.
- Hatmanti, A dan P Purwati. 2011. Bacteria Associated Holothurians: The Key Habitat Preference, Diet, and Functions. Indonesia Institute Of Science. Jakarta Utara. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis.
- Irianto, A. 2003. Probiotik Akuakultur. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta. Hal 125.
- Khairuman. dan K. Amri. 2002. Membuat Pakan Ikan Konsumsi. Agromedia Pustaka. Jakarta. Hal 45.
- Kuzmina, W. 1996. Influence of age on digestive enzyme activity in some freshwater teleostei. Aquaculture, 148:25-37.
- Respati dan Santoso. 1993. Petunjuk Praktis Budidaya Ikan Gurami. Jakarta: Kanisius.
- Rosidi, I. 2005. Sukses Menulis Karya Ilmiah Suatu Pendekatan Teori dan Praktik. Pustaka Sidogiri. Pasuruan. Hal 128.
- Sulmartiwi, L and S. Hari. 2010. Buku Ajar Fisiologi Hewan Air. Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan Universitas Airlangga Surabaya. Hal 91-92.
- Tengjaroenkul, B., BJ. Smith., T. Caceci and SA. Smith. 2000. Distribution of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal tract of cultured Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L. Aquaculture 182: 317-327.
- Tillman, A.D., H. Hartadi, S. Reksohadiprodjo, S. Prawirokusumo, dan S. Lebdosukojo, 1998. Ilmu Makanan Ternak Dasar. Cetakan ke-4. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.
- Watson, K, A., Kaspar, H., Lategan, M.J., Gibson, L. 2008. Probiotics in aquaculture: The need, principles and mechanisms of action and screening processes. Aquaculture, Vol. 274. No.1, pp.1-14.
- Wirawati, CU. 2002. Potensi Bakteri Asam Laktat yang Diisolasi dari Tempoyak sebagai Probiotik [Tesis]. Bogor: Program Pascasarjana. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
- Yandes, Z., A. Ridwan., M. Ing. 2003. Pengaruh Pemberian Selulosa Dalam Pakan Terhadap Kondisi Biologis Benih Ikan Gurami (Osphronemus gouramy). Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
- Yasoda, H, N., Z. Chi and Z, K, Ling. 2006. Probiotics and Sea Cucumber Farming. SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin 24:45-48
References
Abbas, S. D. 1995. Pakan Ikan Alami. Kanisius. Yogyakarta. Hal 87.
Affandi, R. 1993. Studi Kebiasaan Makan Ikan Gurami (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.). Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan dan Perikanan Indonesia. 1-56-57.
Ardiwinata, RO. 1981. Pemeliharaan Gurame. Bandung: Penerbit Sumur Bandung.
Bairagi, A., GK.Sarkar., SK. Sen and AK. Ray. 2004. Evaluation of the nutritive value of Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal, inoculated with fish intestinal bacteria Bacillus subtilus and Bacillus circulans in formulated diets for rohu, Lobeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings. Aquaculture Research, 35: 436-446.
Fardiaz, S. 1992. Petunjuk Laboratorium. Analisis Mikrobiologi Pangan. Bogor: Pusat Antar Universitas Pangan dan Gizi, Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Hatmanti, A dan P Purwati. 2011. Bacteria Associated Holothurians: The Key Habitat Preference, Diet, and Functions. Indonesia Institute Of Science. Jakarta Utara. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis.
Irianto, A. 2003. Probiotik Akuakultur. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta. Hal 125.
Khairuman. dan K. Amri. 2002. Membuat Pakan Ikan Konsumsi. Agromedia Pustaka. Jakarta. Hal 45.
Kuzmina, W. 1996. Influence of age on digestive enzyme activity in some freshwater teleostei. Aquaculture, 148:25-37.
Respati dan Santoso. 1993. Petunjuk Praktis Budidaya Ikan Gurami. Jakarta: Kanisius.
Rosidi, I. 2005. Sukses Menulis Karya Ilmiah Suatu Pendekatan Teori dan Praktik. Pustaka Sidogiri. Pasuruan. Hal 128.
Sulmartiwi, L and S. Hari. 2010. Buku Ajar Fisiologi Hewan Air. Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan Universitas Airlangga Surabaya. Hal 91-92.
Tengjaroenkul, B., BJ. Smith., T. Caceci and SA. Smith. 2000. Distribution of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal tract of cultured Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L. Aquaculture 182: 317-327.
Tillman, A.D., H. Hartadi, S. Reksohadiprodjo, S. Prawirokusumo, dan S. Lebdosukojo, 1998. Ilmu Makanan Ternak Dasar. Cetakan ke-4. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.
Watson, K, A., Kaspar, H., Lategan, M.J., Gibson, L. 2008. Probiotics in aquaculture: The need, principles and mechanisms of action and screening processes. Aquaculture, Vol. 274. No.1, pp.1-14.
Wirawati, CU. 2002. Potensi Bakteri Asam Laktat yang Diisolasi dari Tempoyak sebagai Probiotik [Tesis]. Bogor: Program Pascasarjana. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Yandes, Z., A. Ridwan., M. Ing. 2003. Pengaruh Pemberian Selulosa Dalam Pakan Terhadap Kondisi Biologis Benih Ikan Gurami (Osphronemus gouramy). Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
Yasoda, H, N., Z. Chi and Z, K, Ling. 2006. Probiotics and Sea Cucumber Farming. SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin 24:45-48