Zinc Intake Affects Toddler Stunting: A Cross-Sectional Study on Toddlers Aged 3 Years
Asupan Zinc Berpengaruh pada Stunting Balita : Studi Belah Lintang pada Balita Usia 3 Tahun
Downloads
Background: Stunting toddlers in Indonesia was still a concern of the government. The Indonesian Ministry of Health noted that the 2020 stunting rate was 27.7% to 24.4% in 2021, while the government's target in 2024 was 14%.
Objectives: The purpose of the study was to prove the relationship between Zinc intake and the average height growth of toddlers, in addition to proving the relationship between Zinc intake and stunting.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 54 toddlers with a history of births at Sultan Agung Hospital and Bangetayu Health Center in August-November 2017. The average body length growth was the rate of body length increase per month for the first three years of life (cm/month). Data on Zinc intake (mg/day) were obtained from food recall with a food model and analysis of Zinc content in food using the Nutrisurvey application. Test the hypothesis statistically using Spearman, Chi-square, and Fisher's Exact.
Results: Zinc intake was not correlated with mean height growth (p=0.231 r=0.166). Stunting was significantly associated with Zinc intake <3 mg/day, p=0.001. There was a relationship between nutritional status WAZ-score and stunting at three years, p = 0.001. There was a negative correlation between birth length and average height growth.
Conclusions: Zinc intake was not associated with the rate of growth in body length in the first three years. Daily Zinc intake was associated with stunting in toddlers.
The Ministry of Health of Indonesia 2018. Laporan Provinsi Jawa Tengah Riskesdas 2018. (2018).
The Ministry of Health of Indonesia. Buku Saku Hasil Studi Status Gizi Indonesia Tingkat Nasional, Provinsi, dan Kabupaten/Kota Tahun 2021. (2021).
The Ministry of National Development Planning of Indonesia. Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional (RPJMN) 2020-2024/ Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMN) 2020-2024. Ministry of National Development Planning (2019).
Indonesian Ministry of Health Data and Information Center. Situasi Balita Pendek (Stunting) di Indonesia. (2018).
Park, S. G., Choi, H. N., Yang, H. R. & Yim, J. E. Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Catch-Up Growth in Children with Failure to Thrive. Nutr. Res. Pract. 11, 487–491 (2017).
Adani, F. Y. & Nindya, T. S. Perbedaan Asupan Energi, Protein, Zink, dan Perkembangan pada Balita Stunting dan non Stunting. Amerta Nutr. 1, 46 (2017).
Gao, S. et al. Relationship between Zinc and the Growth and Development of Young Children. Genet. Mol. Res. 14, 9730–9738 (2015).
Priyantini, S., Soemantri, - & Widyastiti, N. S. Delivery of Cesarean Section Tends to Reduce Umbilical Zinc Levels in Healthy Newborns. Int. J. Hum. Heal. Sci. 4, 298 (2020).
Wessells, K. R., Singh, G. M. & Brown, K. H. Estimating the Global Prevalence of Inadequate Zinc Intake from National Food Balance Sheets: Effects of Methodological Assumptions. PLoS One 7, 1–13 (2012).
National Development Agency of Indonesia. Guidelines for Planning the National Movement for the Acceleration of Nutrition Improvement Program for the First 1000 Days of Life. Gerak. Nas. Percepatan Perbaikan Gizi dalam Rangka Seribu Hari Pertama Kehidup. (Gerakan 100 HPK) 38 (2013).
Priyantini, S., Suprihati, Widyastiti, N. S. & Soemantri. The Low Umbilical Cord Zinc Levels Lead to Atopic Allergic Infants : A Cohort Study During 0-4 Months of Age. Bangladesh J. Med. Sci. 19, 114–121 (2019).
The Ministry of Health of Indonesia. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI No.28 Tahun 2019 tentang Angka Kecukupan Gizi yang Dianjurkan untuk Masyarakat Indonesia. (2019).
Supplements, N. I. of H. O. of D. Zinc: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. US Department of Health and Human Services (2021).
Imdad, A. & Bhutta, Z. A. Effect of Preventive Zinc Supplementation on Linear Growth in Children Under 5 Years of Age in Developing Countries: A Meta-Analysis of Studies for Input to The Lives Saved Tool. BMC Public Heal. 11 (Suppl 3), S22 (2011). doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-S3-S22.
UNICEF & WHO. Low Birthweight Estimates. World Heal. Organ. 4, 3–9 (2019).
Febrianty, D. Kebiasaan Konsumsi Susu, Asupan Kalsium dan Zinc Serta Tinggi Badan Pada Anak Sekolah Dasar Totosari 1 dan Tunggul Sari 1 Surakarta. J. Chem. Inf. Model. 53, 1689–1699 (2013).
Gera, T., Shah, D. & Sachdev, H. S. Zinc Supplementation for Promoting Growth in Children Under 5 years of age in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Systematic Review. Indian Pediatrics vol. 56 (2019).
Petry, N., Olofin, I., Boy, E., Angel, M. D. & Rohner, F. The Effect of Low Dose Iron and Zinc Intake on Child Micronutrient Status and Development during The First 1000 Days of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 8, (2016).
Rerksuppaphol, S. & Rerksuppaphol, L. Zinc Supplementation Enhances Linear Growth in School-Aged Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pediatr. Rep. 9, 58–63 (2017).
Fukada, T., Yamasaki, S., Nishida, K., Murakami, M. & Hirano, T. Zinc Homeostasis and Signaling in Health and Diseases Zinc Signaling. J Biol Inorg Chem 16, 1123–1134 (2011).
Rusmil, V. K., Ikhsani, R., Dhamayanti, M. & Hafsah, T. Hubungan Perilaku Ibu dalam Praktik Pemberian Makan pada Anak Usia 12-23 Bulan dengan Kejadian Stunting di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Jatinangor. Sari Pediatr. 20, 366–370 (2019).
Nahdloh F, N. & Priyantini M, S. Pengaruh Pemberian Makanan Pendamping Air Susu Ibu terhadap Pertumbuhan Berat Badan Bayi 6-12 Bulan di Posyandu Desa Kutoharjo Kaliwungu Kendal. Sains Med. 5, 107–109 (2013).
Grifone, R., Shao, M., Saquet, A. & Shi, D.-L. RNA-Binding Protein Rbm24 as a Multifaceted Post-Transcriptional Regulator of Embryonic Lineage Differentiation and Cellular Homeostasis. Cells 9, 1–18 (2020).
Jorde, R. et al. Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Bone Turnover Markers and other Bone-Related Substances in Subjects with Vitamin D Deficiency. Bone 124, 7–13 (2019).
Rahman, S. et al. Status of Zinc Nutrition in Bangladesh: The Underlying Associations. J. Nutr. Sci. 5, 1–9 (2016).
Dewey, K. G. Reducing Stunting by Improving Maternal, Infant and Young Child Nutrition in Regions such as South Asia: Evidence, Challenges and Opportunities. Matern. Child Nutr. 12, 27–38 (2016).
Liu, E. et al. Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Growth Outcomes in Children Under 5 Years of Age. Nutrients 10, 1–20 (2018).
Rumende, M., Kapantow, N. H. & Punuh, M. I. Hubungan antara Status Sosial Ekonomi dengan Status Gizi pada Anak Usia 24-59 Bulan di Kecamatan Tombatu Utara Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara. Kesmas 7, 1–13 (2018).
Lailatul, M. & Ni'mah., C. Hubungan Tingkat Pendidikan, Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Pola Asuh Ibu dengan Wasting dan Stunting pada Balita Keluarga Miskin. Media Gizi Indones. 10, 84–90 (2015).
Nur Hadibah Hanum. Hubungan Tinggi Badan Ibu dan Riwayat Pemberian MP-ASI dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Usia 24-59 Bulan. Amerta Nutr. 3, 78–84 (2019).
Brander, R. L. et al. Determinants of Linear Growth Faltering Among Children with Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study. BMC Med. 17, 214 (2019).
Gao, H., Dai, W., Zhao, L., Min, J. & Wang, F. The Role of Zinc and Zinc Homeostasis in Macrophage Function. J. Immunol. Res. 2018, 1–11 (2018).
Copyright (c) 2023 Amerta Nutrition
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
AMERTA NUTR by Unair is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. The journal allows the author to hold the copyright of the article without restrictions.
2. The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions
3. The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC BY-SA).
4. The Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC BY-SA) license allows re-distribution and re-use of a licensed work on the conditions that the creator is appropriately credited and that any derivative work is made available under "the same, similar or a compatible license”. Other than the conditions mentioned above, the editorial board is not responsible for copyright violation.
