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Deteksi Koi Herpesvirus (KHV) pada Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) yang Diinfeksi secara Buatan
[ Detection of Koi Herpesvirus (KHV) in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Infected by Artificially Infection ]
Corresponding Author(s) : Hari Suprapto
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, Vol. 7 No. 1 (2015): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Abstract
Abstract
Koi Herpesvirus (KHV) was formerly known as Cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3) and carp nephritis interstitial and necrosis gill virus (CNGV) is a virus that infects common carp and koi (Cyprinus carpio and C. carpio koi) in farmed and wild population. KHV cause disease at a temperature of 18-25 °C with mortality rate of 80-90 % in fry and adult fish. Currently KHV also detected in tilapia from the results of monitoring in the field. The presence of KHV in tilapia can occur as a result of maintenance in cages adjacent to the infected carp. KHV diagnostic method currently based on case definition and PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) detection. The basic concept of PCR is one DNA molecule is used to produce two copies, then four, then eight and so forth through multiplication by polymerase. PCR results sometimes indicated the presence of a faint band caused a low amount of virus, so it is necessary to investigate the presence of KHV DNA in tilapia using different doses of infection. This study aimed to determine the KHV infectivity in nile tilapia were infected by artificially infection and determine dose KHV infection that can infect nile tilapia. The study design used true experimental with with the presentation of descriptive data. Dose of viral infection are 1 ID50, 10 ID50, 100 ID50 and 1000 ID50. The results showed that no clinical symptoms of KHV infected in nile tilapia. The results of electrophoresis of PCR products showed that the mucus of nile tilapia were infected with a 1000 ID50 immersion dose showed thin bands. The same results are also shown in the gill of nile tilapia infected by gill spray at 1000 ID50 dose. Fish were infected by injection, KHV was not detected in mucus, gill, kidney and liver. The results above show nile tilapia cannot be infected by KHV on various treatment
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- Adamek, M., H. Syakuri, S. Harris, K. Å. Rakus, G. Brogden, M. Matras, I. Irnazarow, D. Steinhagen. 2013. Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 Infection Disrupts The Skin Barrier of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Veterinary Microbiology 162: 456-470.
- Bergmann, S. M., M. Riechardt, D. Fitchtner, P. Lee and J. Kempter. 2010. Investigation on the diagnostic sensitivity of molecular tools used for detection of koi herpesvirus. Journal of Virology Methods 163: 229-233.
- Costes, B., V. S. Raj, B. Michel, G. Fournier, M. Thirion, L. Gillet, J. Mast, F. Lieffrig, M. Bremont and A. Vanderplasschen. 2009. The Major Portal Entry of Koi Herpesvirus in Cyprinus carpio Is the Skin. Journal of Virology: 2819-2830.
- El-Matbouli, M. and H. Soliman. 2011. Transmission of Cyprinid herpesvirus3 (CyHV-3) from goldfish to naȉve common carp by cohabitation. Research in Veterinary Science 90: 536-539.
- FAO. 2012. Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme. Oreochromis niloticus. Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme. Text by Rakocy, J. E. In: FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department [online]. Rome. 12 pp.
- Garver, K. A., L. Al-Hussinee, L. M. Hawley, T. Schroeder, S. Edes, V. LePage, E. Contador, S. Russel, S. Lord, R. M. W. Stevenson, B. Souter, E. Wright and J. S. Lumsden. 2010. Mass Mortality Associated with Koi Herpesvirus in Wild Common Carp in Canada. Journal of Wildlife Disease 46(4): 1242-1251.
- Grammer, G. L., W. T. Slack, M. S. Peterson, and M. A. Dugo. 2012. Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) Establishment in Temperate Mississipi, USA: Multi-Year Survival Confirned by Otolith Ages. Aquatic Invasions Vol. 7: 367-376.
- Lennette, E. H. 1969. General Principles Underlying Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral and Rickettsial Infections. Diagnostic Procedurs for Viral and Rickettsial Infections. Fourth Edition. American Public Health Association, Inc. New York. pp 47-49.
- Lio-Po, G. D., et. al. 2009. Surveillance of Emerging Fish Viral Pathogens in Some Southeast Asian Countries. The Israeli Journal of AquacultureBamidgeh 61(3): 208-214.
- Lio-Po, G. D. 2011. Recent development in the study and surveillance of koi herpesvirus (KHV) in Asia. Diseases in Asian Aquaculture VII: 13-28.
- Minamoto, T., M. N. Honjo, H. Yamanaka, N. Tanaka, T. Itayama and Z. Kawabata. 2011. Detection of cyprinid herpesvirus-3 DNA in lake plankton. Research in Veterinary Science 90: 530-532.
- Perelberg, A., M. Smirnov, M. Hutoran, A. Diamant, Y. Bejerano and M. Kotler. 2003. Epidemiological Description of A New Viral Disease Afflicting Cultured Cyprinus carpio in Israel. The Israeli Journal of AquacultureBamidgeh 55(1): 5-12.
- Pikarsky, E., Ronen,A., Abramowitz, J., LevaviSinan, B., Hutoran, M., Shapira, Y., Steinetz, M., Perelberg, A., Soffer, D., and Koller, M. 2004. Pathogenesis of Acute Viral Diseaae Induced in Fish by Carp Interstitial Nephritis and Gill Necrosis Virus. Journal of Virology, 78: 9554-9551.
- Rahmawati W., T. 2010. Pencarian Inang KHV (Koi herpesvirus) dari Beberapa Jenis Ikan: Koi (Cyprinus carpio), Koki (Carassius auratus), Komet (Carassius auratus auratus), Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) dan Lele (Clarias batrachus). Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan. Universitas Airlangga. 41 hal.
- Rianto W., B. 2014. Analisis Filogenetik Gen Thymidin Kinase Koi Herpesvirus (KHV) Beberapa Ikan Air Tawar di Sentra Budidaya Provinsi Jawa Timur. Tesis Program Pascasarjana. Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya. 61 pp.
- Siregar, S. 2011. Statistika Deskriptif untuk Penelitian. Dilengkapi Perhitungan Normal & Aplikasi SPSS versi 17. PT. Raja Grafindo Persada. Jakarta. 324 hal.
- Sunarto, A., Taukhid, A. Rukyani, I. Koesharyani, H. Supriyadi and L. Gardenia. 2005. Field Investigations on a Serious Disease Outbreak among Koi and Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Indonesia. Diseases in Asian Aquaculture V. hal. 125-135.
- Suprapto, H. dan Yulia K. 2012. Pemantauan Virus dengan Metode PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) di Pantai Utara Jawa Timur. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan Vol. 4 (1): 6571.
- Xu, J. R., J. Bently, L. Beck, A. Reed, T. Miller-Morgan, J. R. Heidi, M. L. Kent, D. D. Rockey and L. Jin. 2013. Analysis of koi herpesvirus latency in wild common carp and ornamental koi in Oregon, USA. Journal of Virological Methods 187: 372-379.
References
Adamek, M., H. Syakuri, S. Harris, K. Å. Rakus, G. Brogden, M. Matras, I. Irnazarow, D. Steinhagen. 2013. Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 Infection Disrupts The Skin Barrier of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Veterinary Microbiology 162: 456-470.
Bergmann, S. M., M. Riechardt, D. Fitchtner, P. Lee and J. Kempter. 2010. Investigation on the diagnostic sensitivity of molecular tools used for detection of koi herpesvirus. Journal of Virology Methods 163: 229-233.
Costes, B., V. S. Raj, B. Michel, G. Fournier, M. Thirion, L. Gillet, J. Mast, F. Lieffrig, M. Bremont and A. Vanderplasschen. 2009. The Major Portal Entry of Koi Herpesvirus in Cyprinus carpio Is the Skin. Journal of Virology: 2819-2830.
El-Matbouli, M. and H. Soliman. 2011. Transmission of Cyprinid herpesvirus3 (CyHV-3) from goldfish to naȉve common carp by cohabitation. Research in Veterinary Science 90: 536-539.
FAO. 2012. Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme. Oreochromis niloticus. Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme. Text by Rakocy, J. E. In: FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department [online]. Rome. 12 pp.
Garver, K. A., L. Al-Hussinee, L. M. Hawley, T. Schroeder, S. Edes, V. LePage, E. Contador, S. Russel, S. Lord, R. M. W. Stevenson, B. Souter, E. Wright and J. S. Lumsden. 2010. Mass Mortality Associated with Koi Herpesvirus in Wild Common Carp in Canada. Journal of Wildlife Disease 46(4): 1242-1251.
Grammer, G. L., W. T. Slack, M. S. Peterson, and M. A. Dugo. 2012. Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) Establishment in Temperate Mississipi, USA: Multi-Year Survival Confirned by Otolith Ages. Aquatic Invasions Vol. 7: 367-376.
Lennette, E. H. 1969. General Principles Underlying Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral and Rickettsial Infections. Diagnostic Procedurs for Viral and Rickettsial Infections. Fourth Edition. American Public Health Association, Inc. New York. pp 47-49.
Lio-Po, G. D., et. al. 2009. Surveillance of Emerging Fish Viral Pathogens in Some Southeast Asian Countries. The Israeli Journal of AquacultureBamidgeh 61(3): 208-214.
Lio-Po, G. D. 2011. Recent development in the study and surveillance of koi herpesvirus (KHV) in Asia. Diseases in Asian Aquaculture VII: 13-28.
Minamoto, T., M. N. Honjo, H. Yamanaka, N. Tanaka, T. Itayama and Z. Kawabata. 2011. Detection of cyprinid herpesvirus-3 DNA in lake plankton. Research in Veterinary Science 90: 530-532.
Perelberg, A., M. Smirnov, M. Hutoran, A. Diamant, Y. Bejerano and M. Kotler. 2003. Epidemiological Description of A New Viral Disease Afflicting Cultured Cyprinus carpio in Israel. The Israeli Journal of AquacultureBamidgeh 55(1): 5-12.
Pikarsky, E., Ronen,A., Abramowitz, J., LevaviSinan, B., Hutoran, M., Shapira, Y., Steinetz, M., Perelberg, A., Soffer, D., and Koller, M. 2004. Pathogenesis of Acute Viral Diseaae Induced in Fish by Carp Interstitial Nephritis and Gill Necrosis Virus. Journal of Virology, 78: 9554-9551.
Rahmawati W., T. 2010. Pencarian Inang KHV (Koi herpesvirus) dari Beberapa Jenis Ikan: Koi (Cyprinus carpio), Koki (Carassius auratus), Komet (Carassius auratus auratus), Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) dan Lele (Clarias batrachus). Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan. Universitas Airlangga. 41 hal.
Rianto W., B. 2014. Analisis Filogenetik Gen Thymidin Kinase Koi Herpesvirus (KHV) Beberapa Ikan Air Tawar di Sentra Budidaya Provinsi Jawa Timur. Tesis Program Pascasarjana. Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya. 61 pp.
Siregar, S. 2011. Statistika Deskriptif untuk Penelitian. Dilengkapi Perhitungan Normal & Aplikasi SPSS versi 17. PT. Raja Grafindo Persada. Jakarta. 324 hal.
Sunarto, A., Taukhid, A. Rukyani, I. Koesharyani, H. Supriyadi and L. Gardenia. 2005. Field Investigations on a Serious Disease Outbreak among Koi and Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Indonesia. Diseases in Asian Aquaculture V. hal. 125-135.
Suprapto, H. dan Yulia K. 2012. Pemantauan Virus dengan Metode PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) di Pantai Utara Jawa Timur. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan Vol. 4 (1): 6571.
Xu, J. R., J. Bently, L. Beck, A. Reed, T. Miller-Morgan, J. R. Heidi, M. L. Kent, D. D. Rockey and L. Jin. 2013. Analysis of koi herpesvirus latency in wild common carp and ornamental koi in Oregon, USA. Journal of Virological Methods 187: 372-379.