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Application of Probiotics for Organic Matter and Enhancement of Growth Performance in White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Corresponding Author(s) : Woro Hastuti Satyantini
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, Vol. 12 No. 1 (2020): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Abstract
Highlights
- Litopenaeus vannamei has been established as alternative to Penaeus monodon to shrimp farming in several countries.
- Increased importance of in situ microorganisms both in regulating biogeochemical cycles within the culture environment and in directly affecting shrimp growth and survival.
- To improve water quality in aquaculture is the application of probiotics and/or enzymes to ponds.
Abstract
Intensive shrimp farming has raised environmental issues due to aquaculture pollution, which is caused by uneaten feed, feces, organic matter, and toxic compounds (ammonia and H2S). One way to solve this issue is by using probiotics. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the effect of probiotic administration (Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp.) at varying concentrations on total organic matter in the rearing water, feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency, and growth rate of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). This study used a Completely Randomized Design consisting of four treatments: T0 (without the probiotic supplementations), T1 (probiotics at 106 CFU/ml), T2 (probiotics at 107 CFU/mL), T3 (probiotics at 108 CFU/mL) with three replicates each. The results showed that the administration of probiotics at different concentrations had a significant effect on the total amount of organic matter, feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency, and specific growth rate of white shrimp. Administration of probiotics at a concentration of 107 CFU/ ml had the lowest organic matter in the rearing water, 138 mg /Lt. While probiotic administration at 108 CFU/ ml gave the lowest feed conversion ratio (1.22), the highest feed efficiency (81.57%) and the best growth rate (2.25%/day). This research suggests that the administration of 107-108 CFU/ ml probiotics could be applied to reduce organic content in the rearing water and improve the growth performances of white shrimp.
Keywords
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- Adiwijaya, D., Supito & Sumantri, I. (2008). Penerapan Teknologi Budidaya Udang Vaname (L. vannamei) Semi Intensif pada Lokasi Tambak Salinitas Tinggi. Jurnal Media Budidaya Air Payau BBPAP, 7: 19 hal.
- Aslamyah, S. (2011). Kualitas Lingkungan dan Aktivitas Enzim Pencernaan Udang Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) pada Berbagai Konsentrasi Probiotik Bioremediasi-Bacillus sp. Fish Scientiae, 1(2): 161-178.
- Avnimelech, Y. (2006). Bio-filters: The need for an new comprehensive approach. Aquacultural Engineering, 34: 172–178.
- Boyd, C. E. (2016). Decomposition and accumulation of organic matter in ponds. Global Aquaculture Advocate. https://www.aquaculturealliance.org/advocate/decomposition-and-accumulation-of-organic-matter-in-ponds. 6 p.
- Cha, J. H., Rahimnejad, S., Yang, S. Y., Kim, K. W., & Lee, K. J. (2013). Evaluations of Bacillus spp. as dietary additives on growth performance, innate immunity and disease resistance of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) against Streptococcus iniae and as water additives. Aquaculture, 402–403: 50–57.
- Dahlan, J., Hamzah, M., & Kurnia, A. (2017). Pertumbuhan Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) yang Dikultur pada Sistem Bioflok dengan Penambahan Probiotik. Journal of Fishery Science and Innovation, 1(1): 19-27.
- Djauhari, R., Widanarni, Sukenda, Suprayudi, M. A., & Zairin Jr, M. (2016). Characterization of Bacillus sp. NP5 and its Application as Probiotic for Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). Research Journal of Microbiology, 11: 101-111.
- Edy, M. H., & Busono, E. (2000). Penerapan Probiotik Sebagai Upaya Kelola Lingkungan Internal Tambak Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon Fabr.) Untuk mencegah Kegagalan Panen. Makalah pada Dialog Solusi dan Aksi Penanganan Kematian Udang di Tambak di KRI Teluk Banten Ujung Surabaya. 8 hal
- Effendi.(2003).Telaah Kualitas Air Bagi Pengelolaan Sumber Daya dan Lingkungan Perairan. Kanisius. Yogyakarta
- Eissa, N., El-Gheit, E. A. & Shaheen, A. A. (2014). Protective effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens as a probiotic in controlling fish pathogens. Americould be Journal of BioScience, 2(5): 175-181.
- Ekasari, J. (2009). Teknologi Bioflok : Teori dan Aplikasi dalam perikanan budidaya sistem intensif. Jurnal akuakultur Indonesia, 8(2): 117-126.
- Herdianti, L., Kadarwan, S., & Sigid, H. (2015). Efektivitas Penggunaan Bakteri Untuk Perbaikan Kualitas Air Media Budi Daya Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) Super Intensif. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 20(3): 265-271.
- Irianto, A. (2003). Probiotik Akuakultur. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press. 125 hal.
- Karigar, C. S & Rao, S. S. (2011). Role of microbial enzymes in bioremediation of pollutans: A review. Enzyme Research, : 1-11.
- Kumar, N. J. P., Srideepu, K., Reddy, M. H., & Reddy, K. V. S (2016). Effect of water probiotic (Pro-W) on Litopenaeus vannamei culture ponds of Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India. International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 6(2): 846-850.
- Kusriningrum, R. S. (2008). Rancould began Percobaan. Surabaya: Airlangga University Press. 274 hal.
- Linggarjati, K. F., Djunaedi, A., & Subagiyo. (2013). Uji Penggunaan Bacillus sp. sebagai Kandidat Probiotik untuk Pemeliharaan Rajungan (Portunus sp.). Journal of Marine Research, 2(1): 3-6
- Nur, A. (2011). Manajemen Pemeliharaan Udang Vaname. Jepara: Balai Besar Pengembangan Budidaya Air Payau Jepara. 40 hal.
- Pahlawi, I. M. H., Satyantini, W. H., & Sudarno. (2019). Uji Patogenitas Bakteri Pseudomonas sp. pada Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) Sebagai Kandidat Probiotik. Journal Aquaculture and Fish Health, 8(2): 92-98.
- Putra, A. N. (2010). Kajian Probiotik, Prebiotik dan Sinbiotik untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Pertumbuhan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Tesis. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor. 109 hal.
- Putra, S. J. W., Mustofa, N., & Niniek, W. (2014). Analisis Hubungan Bahan Organik dengan Total Bakteri pada Tambak Udang Intensif Sistem Semibioflok di BBPBAP Jepara. Jurnal of Maquares, 3(3): 121-129
- Rengpipat, S., Rueangruklikhit, T., & Piyatiratitivorakul, S. (2008). Evaluation of lactic acid bacteria as probiotics for juvenile seabass Lates calcarifer. Aquaculture Research, 39: 134-143.
- Setiawati, J. E., & Hudaidah, S. (2013). Pengaruh Penambahan Probiotik pada Pakan dengan Dosis Berbeda terhadap Pertumbuhan, Kelulushidupan, Efisiensi Pakan dan Retensi Protein Ikan Patin (Pangasius hypophthalmus). e-Jurnal Rekayasa dan Teknologi Budidaya Perairan, 1(2): 152-162.
- Setyono, B.D.H., Fariq, A., & Paryono. (2019). Pengaruh Aplikasi Bioflok yang Dikombinasi dengan Probiotik Terhadap Performa Pertumbuhan Udang Vaname. Buletin Veteriner Udayana, 11(1): 7-13.
- Standen, B. T., Peggs, D. I., Rawling, M. D., Foey, A., Davies, S. J., Santos, G. A., & Merrifield, D. J. (2015). Dietary administration of commercial mixed-species probiotic improves growth performance and modulates the intestinal immunity of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 49: 427-435.
- Suharyadi. (2011). Budidaya Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Jakarta: Pusat Penyuluhan Kelautan Perikanan. 60 hal.
- Sulistinarto, D. (2008). Manajemen Pemeliharaan Budidaya Udang Berwawasan Lingkungan. Jepara: Balai Budidaya Air Payau.
- Thakur, D. P. & Lin, C. K. (2002). Water quality and nutrient budget in closed shrimp (Penaeus monodon) culture systems. Aquacultural Engineering, 27: 159-176.
- Tim Perikanan WWF-Indonesia. (2014). Better Management Practices Seri Panduan Perikanan Skala Kecil Budidaya Udang Vannamei Tambak Semi Intensif dengan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL). Edisi 1. Jakarta: WWF-Indonesia. 38 hal.
- Wang, Y. B., Tian, Z. Q., Yao, J. T., & Li, W. F. (2008). Effect of probiotics, Enteroccus faecium, on Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) growth performance and immune response. Aquaculture, 277: 203-207.
- Wang, Y., & Gu, Q. (2010). Effect of probiotics on white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) growth per
- formance and immune response. Marine Biology Research, 6: 327-332.
- Widagdo, P. (2011). Aplikasi probiotik, Prebiotik dan Sinbiotik melalui Pakan pada Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) yang Diinfeksi Bakteri Vibrio harveyi. Skripsi. Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor. 29 hal.
- Yudiati, E., Arifin, Z., & Riniatsih, I. (2010). Pengaruh Aplikasi Probiotik terhadap Laju Sintasan dan Pertumbuhan Tokolan Udang Vanamei (Litopenaeus vannamei), Populasi Bakteri Vibrio, serta Kandungan Amoniak dan Bahan Organik Media Budidaya. Ilmu Kelautan, 15(3): 153-158.
- Yuvaraj, D., & Karthik, R. (2015). Efficacy of Probiotics on Litopenaeus vannamei Culture through Zero Water Exchange System. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 10(6): 445-463.
References
Adiwijaya, D., Supito & Sumantri, I. (2008). Penerapan Teknologi Budidaya Udang Vaname (L. vannamei) Semi Intensif pada Lokasi Tambak Salinitas Tinggi. Jurnal Media Budidaya Air Payau BBPAP, 7: 19 hal.
Aslamyah, S. (2011). Kualitas Lingkungan dan Aktivitas Enzim Pencernaan Udang Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) pada Berbagai Konsentrasi Probiotik Bioremediasi-Bacillus sp. Fish Scientiae, 1(2): 161-178.
Avnimelech, Y. (2006). Bio-filters: The need for an new comprehensive approach. Aquacultural Engineering, 34: 172–178.
Boyd, C. E. (2016). Decomposition and accumulation of organic matter in ponds. Global Aquaculture Advocate. https://www.aquaculturealliance.org/advocate/decomposition-and-accumulation-of-organic-matter-in-ponds. 6 p.
Cha, J. H., Rahimnejad, S., Yang, S. Y., Kim, K. W., & Lee, K. J. (2013). Evaluations of Bacillus spp. as dietary additives on growth performance, innate immunity and disease resistance of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) against Streptococcus iniae and as water additives. Aquaculture, 402–403: 50–57.
Dahlan, J., Hamzah, M., & Kurnia, A. (2017). Pertumbuhan Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) yang Dikultur pada Sistem Bioflok dengan Penambahan Probiotik. Journal of Fishery Science and Innovation, 1(1): 19-27.
Djauhari, R., Widanarni, Sukenda, Suprayudi, M. A., & Zairin Jr, M. (2016). Characterization of Bacillus sp. NP5 and its Application as Probiotic for Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). Research Journal of Microbiology, 11: 101-111.
Edy, M. H., & Busono, E. (2000). Penerapan Probiotik Sebagai Upaya Kelola Lingkungan Internal Tambak Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon Fabr.) Untuk mencegah Kegagalan Panen. Makalah pada Dialog Solusi dan Aksi Penanganan Kematian Udang di Tambak di KRI Teluk Banten Ujung Surabaya. 8 hal
Effendi.(2003).Telaah Kualitas Air Bagi Pengelolaan Sumber Daya dan Lingkungan Perairan. Kanisius. Yogyakarta
Eissa, N., El-Gheit, E. A. & Shaheen, A. A. (2014). Protective effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens as a probiotic in controlling fish pathogens. Americould be Journal of BioScience, 2(5): 175-181.
Ekasari, J. (2009). Teknologi Bioflok : Teori dan Aplikasi dalam perikanan budidaya sistem intensif. Jurnal akuakultur Indonesia, 8(2): 117-126.
Herdianti, L., Kadarwan, S., & Sigid, H. (2015). Efektivitas Penggunaan Bakteri Untuk Perbaikan Kualitas Air Media Budi Daya Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) Super Intensif. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 20(3): 265-271.
Irianto, A. (2003). Probiotik Akuakultur. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press. 125 hal.
Karigar, C. S & Rao, S. S. (2011). Role of microbial enzymes in bioremediation of pollutans: A review. Enzyme Research, : 1-11.
Kumar, N. J. P., Srideepu, K., Reddy, M. H., & Reddy, K. V. S (2016). Effect of water probiotic (Pro-W) on Litopenaeus vannamei culture ponds of Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India. International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 6(2): 846-850.
Kusriningrum, R. S. (2008). Rancould began Percobaan. Surabaya: Airlangga University Press. 274 hal.
Linggarjati, K. F., Djunaedi, A., & Subagiyo. (2013). Uji Penggunaan Bacillus sp. sebagai Kandidat Probiotik untuk Pemeliharaan Rajungan (Portunus sp.). Journal of Marine Research, 2(1): 3-6
Nur, A. (2011). Manajemen Pemeliharaan Udang Vaname. Jepara: Balai Besar Pengembangan Budidaya Air Payau Jepara. 40 hal.
Pahlawi, I. M. H., Satyantini, W. H., & Sudarno. (2019). Uji Patogenitas Bakteri Pseudomonas sp. pada Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) Sebagai Kandidat Probiotik. Journal Aquaculture and Fish Health, 8(2): 92-98.
Putra, A. N. (2010). Kajian Probiotik, Prebiotik dan Sinbiotik untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Pertumbuhan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Tesis. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor. 109 hal.
Putra, S. J. W., Mustofa, N., & Niniek, W. (2014). Analisis Hubungan Bahan Organik dengan Total Bakteri pada Tambak Udang Intensif Sistem Semibioflok di BBPBAP Jepara. Jurnal of Maquares, 3(3): 121-129
Rengpipat, S., Rueangruklikhit, T., & Piyatiratitivorakul, S. (2008). Evaluation of lactic acid bacteria as probiotics for juvenile seabass Lates calcarifer. Aquaculture Research, 39: 134-143.
Setiawati, J. E., & Hudaidah, S. (2013). Pengaruh Penambahan Probiotik pada Pakan dengan Dosis Berbeda terhadap Pertumbuhan, Kelulushidupan, Efisiensi Pakan dan Retensi Protein Ikan Patin (Pangasius hypophthalmus). e-Jurnal Rekayasa dan Teknologi Budidaya Perairan, 1(2): 152-162.
Setyono, B.D.H., Fariq, A., & Paryono. (2019). Pengaruh Aplikasi Bioflok yang Dikombinasi dengan Probiotik Terhadap Performa Pertumbuhan Udang Vaname. Buletin Veteriner Udayana, 11(1): 7-13.
Standen, B. T., Peggs, D. I., Rawling, M. D., Foey, A., Davies, S. J., Santos, G. A., & Merrifield, D. J. (2015). Dietary administration of commercial mixed-species probiotic improves growth performance and modulates the intestinal immunity of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 49: 427-435.
Suharyadi. (2011). Budidaya Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Jakarta: Pusat Penyuluhan Kelautan Perikanan. 60 hal.
Sulistinarto, D. (2008). Manajemen Pemeliharaan Budidaya Udang Berwawasan Lingkungan. Jepara: Balai Budidaya Air Payau.
Thakur, D. P. & Lin, C. K. (2002). Water quality and nutrient budget in closed shrimp (Penaeus monodon) culture systems. Aquacultural Engineering, 27: 159-176.
Tim Perikanan WWF-Indonesia. (2014). Better Management Practices Seri Panduan Perikanan Skala Kecil Budidaya Udang Vannamei Tambak Semi Intensif dengan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL). Edisi 1. Jakarta: WWF-Indonesia. 38 hal.
Wang, Y. B., Tian, Z. Q., Yao, J. T., & Li, W. F. (2008). Effect of probiotics, Enteroccus faecium, on Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) growth performance and immune response. Aquaculture, 277: 203-207.
Wang, Y., & Gu, Q. (2010). Effect of probiotics on white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) growth per
formance and immune response. Marine Biology Research, 6: 327-332.
Widagdo, P. (2011). Aplikasi probiotik, Prebiotik dan Sinbiotik melalui Pakan pada Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) yang Diinfeksi Bakteri Vibrio harveyi. Skripsi. Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor. 29 hal.
Yudiati, E., Arifin, Z., & Riniatsih, I. (2010). Pengaruh Aplikasi Probiotik terhadap Laju Sintasan dan Pertumbuhan Tokolan Udang Vanamei (Litopenaeus vannamei), Populasi Bakteri Vibrio, serta Kandungan Amoniak dan Bahan Organik Media Budidaya. Ilmu Kelautan, 15(3): 153-158.
Yuvaraj, D., & Karthik, R. (2015). Efficacy of Probiotics on Litopenaeus vannamei Culture through Zero Water Exchange System. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 10(6): 445-463.