Hubungan Perilaku Picky eater dengan Tingkat Kecukupan Zat Gizi dan Status Gizi Anak Usia Prasekolah Di Gayungsari
Downloads
Background: Picky eater is unwillingness to eat unfamiliar food or try new food as well as strong food preference. Picky eater behaviour in preschool-aged children might cause an insufficient intake of food and lead to impaired growth.
Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between picky eater with adequacy level of intake and nutritional status among preschool children in KB-TK Al-Hikmah Surabaya.
Methods: This study was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. 45 subjects aged 41-59 months participated in this study. Simple random sampling method was used to select the sample of this study. Data were collected by measuring height, weight, filling Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, and nutrient intake by filling Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. All data were analyzed using Spearman's Rho test using SPSS v25.0.
Results: This study discovered that 57.6% of subjects had picky eater behaviour, 40% subject had high intake of energy but 95,6% subject had low fibre intake, 22.2% subject were malnutrition, 20% subject were wasting, 13.3% subject were categorized as stunting. Around 23.1% subject with picky eater behaviour had malnutrition. Energy intake level (p=0.000, r=0.717), carbohydrate (p=0.000, r=0.566), protein (p=0.007, r=0.396), dan fat (p=0.000, r=0.599) were correlated to picky eater behaviour. Subjects with picky eater tend to have lower intake level compared to non-picky eater subjects. All subjects have low fibre intake. Nutritional status were not correlated to picky eater behaviour with WAZ (p=0.444), HAZ (p=0.366) and WAZ (p=0.235).
Conclusions: There were correlation between picky eater behaviour and intake level. Subject with this behaviour needs to improve their intake level to prevent incident of underweight.
ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Picky eater adalah perilaku memilih-milih makanan yang ditandai dengan terbatasnya jumlah pilihan makanan. Kejadian picky eater pada anak prasekolah berakibat kekurangan asupan jangka panjang, sehingga dapat mengganggu pertumbuhan anak.
Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan antara perilaku picky eater dengan tingkat kecukupan zat gizi dan status gizi pada anak usia prasekolah di KB-TK Al-Hikmah Surabaya.
Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional. 45 subyek dengan usia 41-59 bulan berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Metode simple random sampling digunakan untuk pengambilan sampel. Pengumpulan data meliputi pengukuran antropometri, pengisian Child Eating Behavior Quiessionare, dan Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnare. Seluruh data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS v25.0 dengan uji Spearman's Rho.
Hasil : Hasil menunjukkan 57,8% responden memiliki perilaku picky eater. Tingkat kecukupan zat gizi memiliki hasil beragam dengan tingkat kecukupan serat kurang. Terdapat 22,2% subyek dengan status gizi kurang, 13,3% subyek dengan stunting, dan 20% subyek dengan wasting. Hasil penelitian inimenunjukkan adanya hubungan antara tingkat kecukupan energi (p=0,000, r=0,717), karbohidrat (p=0,000, r=0,566), protein (p=0,007, r=0,396), dan lemak (p=0.000, r=0,599) dengan kejadian picky eater namun tidak berhubungan dengan tingkat kecukupan serat (p=0,825), status gizi BB/U(p=0,444), TB/U(p=0,366) dan BB/TB(p=0,235).
Kesimpulan : Subyek yang berperilaku picky eater memiliki tingkat kecukupan zat gizi lebih rendah. Picky eater berhubungan tingkat kecukupan zat gizi. Responden dan subyek dengan perilaku ini sebaiknya memperbaiki kebiasaan makan dan memperbanyak konsumsi serat untuk mencegah kejadian gizi kurangCarruth, B. R., Ziegler, P. J., Gordon, A. & Barr, S. I. Prevalence of picky eaters among infants and toddlers and their caregivers' decisions about offering a new food. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 104, 57–64 (2004).
Theresa, L. et al. Picky Eating and the Associated Nutritional Consequences. J. Food Nutr. Disord. 06, (2017).
van der Horst, K., Deming, D. M., Lesniauskas, R., Carr, B. T. & Reidy, K. C. Picky eating: Associations with child eating characteristics and food intake. Appetite 103, 286–293 (2016).
Brown, J. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs): Recommended Intakes for Individuals, Vitamins Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academies. Fluoride (2011). doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00011.x
Hardianti, R., Dieny, F. F. & Wijayanti, H. S. Picky eating dan status gizi pada anak prasekolah. J. Gizi Indones. 6, 123 (2018).
Antoniou, E. E. et al. Picky eating and child weight status development: A longitudinal study. J. Hum. Nutr. Diet. 29, 298–307 (2016).
Santos, J. L. et al. Association between eating behavior scores and obesity in Chilean children. Nutr. J. 10, 108 (2011).
Diah Krisnansari. Nutrisi dan Gizi Buruk. Mandala Heal. 4, 60–68 (2010).
Wardle, J., Guthrie, C. A., Sanderson, S. & Rapoport, L. Development of the children's eating behaviour questionnaire. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip. 42, 963–970 (2001).
Tharner, A. et al. Toward an operative diagnosis of fussy/picky eating: A latent profile approach in a population-based cohort. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 11, 1–11 (2014).
Rosalind S. Gibson. Principles of Nutritional Assessment . Editor Rosalind S Gibson . Oxford University Press Inc . 2nd. 2005 (2005). doi:10.1201/9781420026221
Rahmawati, S. Faktor Predominan Perilaku Picky Eating Pada Siswa Kb / Tk Islam Al-Azhar 1 Jakarta Tahun 2013. Skripsi (2013).
Kusuma, H. S. & Semarang, U. M. The 2 nd University Research Coloquium 2015 ISSN 2407-9189 STATUS GIZI BALITA BERBASIS STATUS PEMILIH MAKAN DI WILAYAH The 2 nd University Research Coloquium 2015 ISSN 2407-9189. 184–189 (2015).
Xue, Y. et al. Growth and development in Chinese pre-schoolers with picky eating behaviour: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 10, 1–16 (2015).
Kwon, K. M., Shim, J. E., Kang, M. & Paik, H. Y. Association between picky eating behaviors and nutritional status in early childhood: Performance of a picky eating behavior questionnaire. Nutrients 9, (2017).
Taylor, C. M., Northstone, K., Wernimont, S. M. & Emmett, P. M. Macro-and micronutrient intakes in picky eaters: A cause for concern?1-3. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 104, 1647–1656 (2016).
Boquin, M. M., Moskowitz, H. R., Donovan, S. M. & Lee, S. Y. Defining perceptions of picky eating obtained through focus groups and conjoint analysis. J. Sens. Stud. 29, 126–138 (2014).
Nederkoorn, C., Jansen, A. & Havermans, R. C. Feel your food. The influence of tactile sensitivity on picky eating in children. Appetite 84, 7–10 (2015).
Russell, C. G. & Worsley, A. Why do they like that? And can I do anything about it? The nature and correlates of parents' attributions and self-efficacy beliefs about preschool children's food preferences. Appetite 66, 34–43 (2013).
Brown, C. L., Schaaf, E. B. Vander, Cohen, G. M., Irby, M. B. & Skelton, J. A. Association of Picky Eating and Food Neophobia with Weight: A Systematic Review. 12, (2016).
Rohde, J. F. et al. Relationship between pickiness and subsequent development in body mass index and diet intake in obesity prone normal weight preschool children. PLoS One 12, 1–9 (2017).
van der Horst, K. Overcoming picky eating. Eating enjoyment as a central aspect of children's eating behaviors. Appetite 58, 567–574 (2012).
Dubois, L., Farmer, A. P., Girard, M. & Peterson, K. Preschool children's eating behaviours are related to dietary adequacy and body weight. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 61, 846–855 (2007).
AMERTA NUTR by Unair is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. The journal allows the author to hold the copyright of the article without restrictions.
2. The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions
3. The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC BY-SA).
4. The Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC BY-SA) license allows re-distribution and re-use of a licensed work on the conditions that the creator is appropriately credited and that any derivative work is made available under "the same, similar or a compatible license”. Other than the conditions mentioned above, the editorial board is not responsible for copyright violation.
