Bagaimana Gizi Sejak Massa Konsepsi Dapat Mempengaruhi Kesehatan Biologis Anak?
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Background: good nutrition for mothers since pre-conception and conception is an important preparation for the health of the fetus and the child in the future.
Objective: The purpose in writing this literature review is to explain argumentatively how nutrition from the time of conception can affect the child's biological health.
Discussion: The results of the literature review show evidence that nutrition from the time of conception can affect the child's biological health. Several articles show a mechanism that explains the possible mechanisms of nutritional influence as conception on the child's biological health as in the future as Barker Hyphothesis or fetal programming. However, the data obtained to date is still not fully convincing. It is necessary to develop a long or longitudinal and experimental research that can guarantee the truth of the theory.
Conclusion: the argument that nutrition from the time of conception is believed to affect the biological health of children in the future is increasingly stronger in the current literature although evidence of experimental research results still need to be accumulated to ensure the truth.
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: gizi yang baik bagi ibu sejak masa pra konsepsi dan konsepsi merupakan persiapan yang penting untuk kesehatan janin dan anak dimasa dating.
Tujuan: tujuan dalam penulisan literature review ini adalah untuk menjelaskan secara argumentative bagaimana gizi sejak masa konsepsi dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan biologis anak.
Pembahasan: hasil literature review menunjukkan bukti bahwa gizi sejak masa konsepsi dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan biologis anak. Beberapa artikel menunjukkan mekanisme yang menjelaskan kemungkinan mekanisme pengaruh gizi saat konsepsi terhadap kesehatan biologis anak dimasa datang seperti halnya Barker Hyphothesis atau fetal programming. Namun begitu, data yang diperoleh hingga saat ini masih belum meyakinkan sepenuhnya. Untuk itu perlu dikembangkan penelitian yang panjang atau longitudinal dan eksperimental yang dapat menggaransi kebenaran teori tersebut.
Kesimpulan: argumentasi bahwa gizi sejak masa konsepsi diyakini berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan biologis anak dimasa depan semakin menguat dalam literature terkini walaupun bukti hasil penelitian eksperimental masih perlu banyak diakumulasikan untuk memastikan kebenarannya.
Ornoy A. Prenatal origin of obesity and their complications: Gestational diabetes, maternal overweight and the paradoxical effects of fetal growth restriction and macrosomia. Reproductive toxicology. 2011;32(2):205-12.
Rasmussen KM. The "fetal origins" hypothesis: Challenges and opportunities for maternal and child nutrition. Annu Rev Nutr. 2001;21(1):73-95.
Holt RIG. Fetal programming of the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor axis. Trends in endocrinology and metabolism. 2002;13(9):392-7.
Szostak Wí„™gierek D, Szamotulska K. Fetal development and risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes type 2 in adult life. Med Wieku Rozwoj. 2011;15(3):203-15.
McGowan C, Walsh J, Byrne J, Curran S, McAuliffe F. The influence of a low glycemic index dietary intervention on maternal dietary intake, glycemic index and gestational weight gain during pregnancy: A randomized controlled trial. Nutrition journal. 2013;12(1):140.
Gardner B. Changing diet and physical activity to reduce gestational weight gain: A meta-analysis. Obesity reviews. 2011;12(7):E602-20.
Procter S. Position of the academy of nutrition and dietetics: Nutrition and lifestyle for a healthy pregnancy outcome. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2014;114(7):1099-1103.
Campbell F, Johnson M, Messina J, Guillaume L, Goyder E. Behavioural interventions for weight management in pregnancy: A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative data. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:491.
Streuling I, Beyerlein A, von Kries R. Can gestational weight gain be modified by increasing physical activity and diet counseling? A meta-analysis of interventional trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92(4):678-87.
Gillman M. Effect of treatment of gestational diabetes on obesity in the next generation. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(5):964-968.
Ramakrishnan U. Effect of multiple micronutrient supplementation on pregnancy and infant outcomes: A systematic review. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2012;26 Suppl 1(1):153-167.
Roy S, Sable P, Khaire A, Randhir K, Kale A, Joshi S. Effect of maternal micronutrients (folic acid and vitamin B12) and omega 3 fatty acids on indices of brain oxidative stress in the offspring. Brain Dev. 2014;36(3):219-27.
Gillman MW, Rich Edwards JW. The fetal origin of adult disease: From sceptic to convert. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2000;14(3):192-3.
Popkin BM. Synthesis and implications: China's nutrition transition in the context of changes across other low- and middle-income countries. Obesity reviews. 2014;15 Suppl 1:60-7.
Kumanyika S. Environmental influences on childhood obesity: Ethnic and cultural influences in context. Physiology behavior. 2008;94(1):61-70.
Guthold R, Cowan M, Autenrieth C, Kann L, Riley L. Physical activity and sedentary behavior among schoolchildren: A 34-country comparison. J Pediatr. 2010;157(1):43-49.e1.
Ebbeling C, Feldman H, Chomitz V, et al. A randomized trial of sugar-sweetened beverages and adolescent body weight. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(15):1407-1416.
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