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Daya Antibakteri Tepung Cacing Tanah (Lumbricus rubellus) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Vibrio harveyi Secara In Vitro
[Antibacterial Activity Of Earthworm Powder (Lumbricus rubellus) To Vibrio harveyi Growth's In Vitro]
Corresponding Author(s) : Wahju Tjahjaningsih
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, Vol. 4 No. 1 (2012): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Abstract
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi is the most common pathogenic agent of Penaeus monodon and causing large economic losses to the shrimp farming industry. Antibiotic has been used as the diseases treatment, but it has been banned due to the side effects. This problem was required an alternative solution by using natural material, such as earthworm powder (L. rubellus). This research was conducted to know the bacterial growth inhibition V. harveyi by using earthworm powder (L. rubellus). The research method is experimental and data analysis done descriptively. Inhibition of V. harveyi growth was tested using disc diffusion method. Earthworm powder concentrations are 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 % (w/v) and chloramphenicol disc (30µg), each treatment was repeated three times. The main parameter observed was the size of diameter inhibition zone (mm) which formed around the disc paper after incubation within 24 hours. The data analysis was done descriptively by comparing sensitivity level each treatment. Results showed that earthworms powder (L. rubellus) from the lowest concentration (25% w/v) to the highest concentration (100% w / v) were not able to inhibit V. harveyi growth.
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- Adam, M. 2007. Pengaruh Pengobatan Ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) yang Terinfeksi Bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila dengan Menggunakan Ekstrak Cacing Tanah (Lumbricus rubellus). Jurusan Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan. Fakultas Perikanan. Universitas Brawijaya. Malang 95 hal
- Asfanti, M.I. 2008. Pengaruh Pemberian Tepung Cacing Tanah (Lumbricus rubellus) terhadap Kekebalan Tubuh Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio). Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan. Universitas Brawijaya. Malang
- Bergey. 2005. Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2nd Edition. Volume 2. Part B. Proteobacteria. Gammaproteobacteria. Pp 524-525.
- Cho, J. H., C. B. Park, Y. G. Yoon and S. C. Kim. 1998. Lumbricin I, a novel proline-rich antimicrobial peptide from the earthworm: purification, cDNA cloning and molecular characterization. Biochim Biopys Acta. 1408: 67-76.
- Chou, H., Kuo, T., Chiang, J., Pei, M., Yang, W., Yu, H., Lin, S., and Chen, W. 2008. Design and synthesis of cationic antimicrobial peptides with improved activity and selectivity against Vibrio spp. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 32: 130-138.
- Damayanti, E., A. Sofyan, H. Julendra dan T. Untari. 2009. Pemanfaatan Tepung Cacing Tanah (Lumbricus rubellus) sebagai Agensia Anti-Pullorum dalam Imbuhan Pakan Ayam Broiler. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Veteriner 14(2): 83-89.
- Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 1995. Farmakope Indonesia. Edisi 4. Kadar Larutan. Hal 1.
- Dewi, F. K. 2010. Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Buah Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) Terhadap Bakteri Pembusuk Daging Segar. Jurusan Biologi. Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam. Universitas Sebelas Maret. Surakarta. 38 hal.
- Gold Biotechnology. 2009. Material Safety Data Sheet: D-Proline. 4 pp.
- Izzati, M. 2007. Skreening Potensi Antibakteri pada Beberapa Spesies Rumput Laut terhadap Bakteri Patogen pada Udang Windu. Bioma. IX (2) : 62-67.
- Julendra, H. 2003. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri dari Cacing Tanah (Lumbricus terestris) sebagai Bahan Pakan Ayam terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Salmonella pullorum secara In Vitro. 9 hal.
- Julendra, H. 2005. Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Cacing Tanah (L. rubellus) sebagai Suplemen Pakan terhadap Aktivitas Salmonella pullorum dengan Uji secara In Vitro. 7 hal.
- Julendra, H dan A. Sofyan. 2007. Uji In Vitro Penghambatan Aktivitas Escherichia coli dengan Tepung Cacing Tanah (Lumbricus rubellus). Media Peternakan 30 (1): 1-7.
- Maryani, D. Dana, dan Sukenda. 2002. Peranan Ekstrak Kelopak dan Buah Mangrove Sonneratia caseolaris (L) terhadap Infeksi Bakteri Vibrio harveyi pada Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon Fab.). Akuakultur Indonesia I (3) : 129-138.
- Palungkun, R. 2008. Sukses Beternak Cacing Tanah Lumbricus rubellus. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta. hal. 5-15.
- Prayitno, A. 2007. Uji Sensitifitas Flavonoid Rumput Laut (Eucheuma cottoni) Sebagai Bioaktif Alami Terhadap Bakteri Vibrio Harveyi. Jurnal Protein 15 (2) : 66-71.
- Purwaningrrom, D.L. 2010. Uji In Vitro Pengaruh Jenis Tepung Cacing Tanah (Lumbricus rubellus dan Pheretima aspergillum) dengan Variasi Suhu Pengolahan (50°, 60° dan 70°) terhadap Penghambatan Pertumbuhan Bakteri Salmonella thypi. Fakultas Ilmu Biologi. Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim. Malang. 98 hal.
- Quelab. 2005. Mc Farland Standard. Diakses melalui http:/www.quelab/htmleng/ 2900a/html pada 10 Oktober 2011.
- Rattanachuay, P., D. Kantachote, M. Tantirungkij, T. Nitoda and H. Kanzaki. 2010. Inhibition of Shrimp Pathogenic Vibrios by Extracellular Compounds from a Proteolytic Bacterium Pseudomonas sp. W3. Journal of Biotechnology 13(1) : 1-11.
- Rukyani, A. 1999. Beberapa Jenis Penyakit Sebagai Kendala Utama Budidaya Udang dan Cara Pengendaliannya. Badan Litbang Pertanian.
- Sarkar, S., A. Pramanik, A. Mitra, J. Mukherjee. 2010. Bioprocessing Data for the Production of Marine Enzymes. Marine Drugs ISSN 1660-3397: 1323-1371.
- Saulnier, D., H. Philipe., G. Cyrille., L. Peva and A. Dominique. 2000. Experimental Infection Models for Shrimp vibriosis studies: a review . Aquaculture, 191 : 133-144.
- Uma, A., K. Saravanabava, R. Singaravel and A. Koteeswaran. 2005. Antibiotic Resistant Vibrio harveyi Isolated from Swollen Hindgut Syndrome (SHG) Affected Penaeud monodon Post Larcae from Commercial Shrimp hatcheries. Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai. 4 pp.
- Umar. 2009. Potensi Isolat Bacillus sp. Lts 40 menghambat pertumbuhan Vibrio harveyii penyebab vibriosis dan meningkatkan sentasan udang windu (Penaeus monodon Fab.) Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. hal 20-23.
- Whitelock, J.M., Murdoch, A.D., Iozzo, R.V., Underwood, P.A. 1996. The Degradation of Human Endothelial Cell-derived Perlecan and Release of Bound Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor by Stromelysin, Collagenase, Plasmin, and Heparanases", Journal of Biological Chemistry 271 (17): 10079–10086.
- Windyaanita, H. 2006. Daya Antibakteri Buah Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) yang Diekstraksi dengan Etanol dan yang Diekstraksi dengan Air Terhadap Aeromonas hydrophilla Secara In Vitro. Universitas Airlangga Surabaya. 57 hal.
- Yeaman, M. R. and Yount, N. Y. 2003. Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Peptide Action and Resistance. Pharmacological Reviews 55 (1) : 27-55.
References
Adam, M. 2007. Pengaruh Pengobatan Ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) yang Terinfeksi Bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila dengan Menggunakan Ekstrak Cacing Tanah (Lumbricus rubellus). Jurusan Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan. Fakultas Perikanan. Universitas Brawijaya. Malang 95 hal
Asfanti, M.I. 2008. Pengaruh Pemberian Tepung Cacing Tanah (Lumbricus rubellus) terhadap Kekebalan Tubuh Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio). Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan. Universitas Brawijaya. Malang
Bergey. 2005. Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2nd Edition. Volume 2. Part B. Proteobacteria. Gammaproteobacteria. Pp 524-525.
Cho, J. H., C. B. Park, Y. G. Yoon and S. C. Kim. 1998. Lumbricin I, a novel proline-rich antimicrobial peptide from the earthworm: purification, cDNA cloning and molecular characterization. Biochim Biopys Acta. 1408: 67-76.
Chou, H., Kuo, T., Chiang, J., Pei, M., Yang, W., Yu, H., Lin, S., and Chen, W. 2008. Design and synthesis of cationic antimicrobial peptides with improved activity and selectivity against Vibrio spp. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 32: 130-138.
Damayanti, E., A. Sofyan, H. Julendra dan T. Untari. 2009. Pemanfaatan Tepung Cacing Tanah (Lumbricus rubellus) sebagai Agensia Anti-Pullorum dalam Imbuhan Pakan Ayam Broiler. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Veteriner 14(2): 83-89.
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 1995. Farmakope Indonesia. Edisi 4. Kadar Larutan. Hal 1.
Dewi, F. K. 2010. Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Buah Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) Terhadap Bakteri Pembusuk Daging Segar. Jurusan Biologi. Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam. Universitas Sebelas Maret. Surakarta. 38 hal.
Gold Biotechnology. 2009. Material Safety Data Sheet: D-Proline. 4 pp.
Izzati, M. 2007. Skreening Potensi Antibakteri pada Beberapa Spesies Rumput Laut terhadap Bakteri Patogen pada Udang Windu. Bioma. IX (2) : 62-67.
Julendra, H. 2003. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri dari Cacing Tanah (Lumbricus terestris) sebagai Bahan Pakan Ayam terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Salmonella pullorum secara In Vitro. 9 hal.
Julendra, H. 2005. Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Cacing Tanah (L. rubellus) sebagai Suplemen Pakan terhadap Aktivitas Salmonella pullorum dengan Uji secara In Vitro. 7 hal.
Julendra, H dan A. Sofyan. 2007. Uji In Vitro Penghambatan Aktivitas Escherichia coli dengan Tepung Cacing Tanah (Lumbricus rubellus). Media Peternakan 30 (1): 1-7.
Maryani, D. Dana, dan Sukenda. 2002. Peranan Ekstrak Kelopak dan Buah Mangrove Sonneratia caseolaris (L) terhadap Infeksi Bakteri Vibrio harveyi pada Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon Fab.). Akuakultur Indonesia I (3) : 129-138.
Palungkun, R. 2008. Sukses Beternak Cacing Tanah Lumbricus rubellus. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta. hal. 5-15.
Prayitno, A. 2007. Uji Sensitifitas Flavonoid Rumput Laut (Eucheuma cottoni) Sebagai Bioaktif Alami Terhadap Bakteri Vibrio Harveyi. Jurnal Protein 15 (2) : 66-71.
Purwaningrrom, D.L. 2010. Uji In Vitro Pengaruh Jenis Tepung Cacing Tanah (Lumbricus rubellus dan Pheretima aspergillum) dengan Variasi Suhu Pengolahan (50°, 60° dan 70°) terhadap Penghambatan Pertumbuhan Bakteri Salmonella thypi. Fakultas Ilmu Biologi. Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim. Malang. 98 hal.
Quelab. 2005. Mc Farland Standard. Diakses melalui http:/www.quelab/htmleng/ 2900a/html pada 10 Oktober 2011.
Rattanachuay, P., D. Kantachote, M. Tantirungkij, T. Nitoda and H. Kanzaki. 2010. Inhibition of Shrimp Pathogenic Vibrios by Extracellular Compounds from a Proteolytic Bacterium Pseudomonas sp. W3. Journal of Biotechnology 13(1) : 1-11.
Rukyani, A. 1999. Beberapa Jenis Penyakit Sebagai Kendala Utama Budidaya Udang dan Cara Pengendaliannya. Badan Litbang Pertanian.
Sarkar, S., A. Pramanik, A. Mitra, J. Mukherjee. 2010. Bioprocessing Data for the Production of Marine Enzymes. Marine Drugs ISSN 1660-3397: 1323-1371.
Saulnier, D., H. Philipe., G. Cyrille., L. Peva and A. Dominique. 2000. Experimental Infection Models for Shrimp vibriosis studies: a review . Aquaculture, 191 : 133-144.
Uma, A., K. Saravanabava, R. Singaravel and A. Koteeswaran. 2005. Antibiotic Resistant Vibrio harveyi Isolated from Swollen Hindgut Syndrome (SHG) Affected Penaeud monodon Post Larcae from Commercial Shrimp hatcheries. Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai. 4 pp.
Umar. 2009. Potensi Isolat Bacillus sp. Lts 40 menghambat pertumbuhan Vibrio harveyii penyebab vibriosis dan meningkatkan sentasan udang windu (Penaeus monodon Fab.) Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. hal 20-23.
Whitelock, J.M., Murdoch, A.D., Iozzo, R.V., Underwood, P.A. 1996. The Degradation of Human Endothelial Cell-derived Perlecan and Release of Bound Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor by Stromelysin, Collagenase, Plasmin, and Heparanases", Journal of Biological Chemistry 271 (17): 10079–10086.
Windyaanita, H. 2006. Daya Antibakteri Buah Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) yang Diekstraksi dengan Etanol dan yang Diekstraksi dengan Air Terhadap Aeromonas hydrophilla Secara In Vitro. Universitas Airlangga Surabaya. 57 hal.
Yeaman, M. R. and Yount, N. Y. 2003. Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Peptide Action and Resistance. Pharmacological Reviews 55 (1) : 27-55.