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Potensi Penambahan Minyak Ikan Lemuru pada Pakan Komersial terhadap Kandungan Asam Lemak Omega-3 dan Omega-6 Daging Belut Sawah (Monopterus albus)
[Potential Addition of lemuru Fish Oil on Commercial feed The Fatty Acids Omega-3 and Omega-6 Ell Meat (Monopterus albus)]
Corresponding Author(s) : Mirni Lamid
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, Vol. 9 No. 1 (2017): Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan
Abstract
Abstrak
Belut sawah (Monopterus albus) merupakan komoditas ikan air tawar yang sangat potensial dibudidayakan saat ini. Belut sawah mempunyai kandungan kolesterol yang cukup tinggi yaitu sebesar 185mg/10gram. Batas kolesterol normal yang dibutuhkan tubuh adalah 160-200 mg per hari. Kandungan kolestrol yang tinggi tidak sebanding dengan kandungan asam lemak tak jenuh daging belut sawah. Kandungan asam lemak tak jenuh pada daging belut sawah sangat kecil yakni α-linolenat acid sebesar 0,46%, EPA sebesar 0,22%, DHA sebesar 2,12%, Linolenat acid sebesar 7,42% dan Arakidonoit acid sebesar 1,75%. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk menigkatkan Omega-3 dan Omega-6 adalah melalui rekayasa pakan, dengan penambahan suplementasi asam lemak yang berasal dari dari organisme laut yang diharapkan kandungan Omega-3 dan Omega-6 dapat meningkat di daging belut sawah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kandungan Omega-3 dan Omega-6 daging belut sawah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak lengkap yang terdiri dari lima perlakuan, empat kali ulangan. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik sidik ragam Analysis of Variant (ANOVA) untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan. Apabila ada perbedaan antar perlakuan dilanjutkan dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan untuk mengetahui perlakuan yang paling baik. Hasil penelitian penambahan minyak ikan lemuru pada pakan komersial menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kandungan Omega-3 (α-linolenat acid, EPA ,dan DHA) dan kandungan Omega-6 (Linoleat acid dan arakhidonat acid) daging belut sawah. Pemberian minyak ikan lemuru pada dosis 6% dapat meningkatkan kandungan (Omega-3) daging belut sawah α-linolenat acid sebesar 2,75%, EPA sebesar 2,87% dan DHA sebesar 1,29%. Pada dosis 6% minyak ikan lemuru dapat meningkatkan kandungan arakhidonoit acid sebesar 3,77% dan pada dosis 8% dapat meningkatkan kandungan Linoleat acid 4,24% daging belut sawah.
Abstract
Eel (Monopterus albus) are mostly bream a potential cultivated currently. Eel has a high cholesterol a month 185mg/10gram. Limit of the normal body needs cholesterol is 160-200 mg per day. The content of high cholesterol are not comparable with the content of unsaturated fatty acids eel meat. The unsaturated fatty acid on meat eel very low at α-linolenat acid of 0,46%, EPA of 0,22%, DHA of 2,12%, Linolenat acid of 7,42% and Arakidonoit acid of 1,75%. One effort can be done to increase omega-3 and omega-6 is through engineering feed, with the addition of supplements fatty acids that originated from marine organisms are expected to Omega-3 content and Omega-6 can increase in the meat eel. Research is aimed to increase Omega-3 content and Omega-6 flesh of eel. This research uses experimental methods to a draft random complete consisting of five treatment, four times remedial. Analysis data using statistical tests fingerprint variety of analysis of variant (ANOVA) to know the influence of treatment. If there are the differences between treatment continued by test distance multiple Duncan to know the best treatment. Research results in additional fish oil lemuru on commercial feed showing significant differences (p<0,05) against the omega-3 (α-linolenat acid, EPA and DHA) and the omega-6 (linoleic acid and arakhidonat acid) of eel. The doses 6% lemuru fish oil can improve the (Omega-3) of eel α-linolenat acid of 2,75%, EPA of 2,87% and DHA 1,29%. On the content doses 6% fish oil lemuru can improve Arachidonic acid of 3,77% and on content doses, 8 % can improve linoleic acid of 4,24 % meat eel.
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- Cedoloh, R., Karlilla, T. T., & Pakdeechanuan, P. 2011. Fatty acid composition of important aquatic animals in Southerm Thailand. International food Reseacrh Journal, 18:783-790.
- Champe, P. C., Ferrier D. R., & HarveY, R. A. 2008 Cholestrol and steroid metabolism.In: Biochamistry. 4th ed. USA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins :219-244.
- Cuzon, G., Addision. L., Gabriela, G., Carlos, S., & Gualliaue, J. 2003. Nutrition of Litopenaeus vannamei reared in tanks or n ponds. Elsevair Aquaculture, (235): 531-551.
- Diana, F. M. 2012. Omega 6. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 7 (1): 26-31.
- Direktorat Jendral Pengolahan dan pemasaran Hasil Perikanan. 2010. Warta Pasar Ikan: Belut dan Sidat Permintaannya Semakin Meningkat. Jakarta: Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. Edisi April (80). hal 28-29.
- Elovara, A. K. 2001. Shrimp Farming Manual. Practical Technology for Intensive Commercial Shrimp Productiion. United States of America. 51 hal.
- Linder, M. C. 1991. Nutrition and metabolism of fats. (Maria CLinders Eds) In Nutritional Biochemistry and Metabolism. Connecticut : Apleton and lange. 51-83 pp.
- Mahasri, G., Mubarak, A. S., Alamsjah, M. A., & Manan, A. 2012. Buku Ajar. Manajemen Kualitas Air. Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan. Universitas Airlangga. hal 53-69.
- Mayes, P. A. 2003. Biosintesis Asam Lemak. Biokimia. Jakarta. hal 30.
- Meinelt, T., Schulz, C., & Wirth, M. 1999. The Fatty Acid Composition of Diet Influences The Quality of Fish Eggs. J. Appe. Ichtyol, 15:13-19.
- Unit Layan Pemeriksaan Laboratoris, Konsultasi dan Pelatihan Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan. 2016. Uji Proksimat Lengkap. 044/ULPLKP/UA.FKH/5/2016. Universitas Airlangga. 1 hal.
- Unit Pelaksana Teknis Balai Informasi Teknologi LIPI. 2009. Gaya Hidup Sehat. Jurnal Pangan dan Kesehatan. hal 1-10.
- Tay, A. S. L., & Chew, Y. K. I. P. 2003. The Swamp Eel (monopterus albus) Reduces Endogenus Ammonia Production and Detoxifes Amonia to Glutamine during 144h of Aerial Exposure. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 206: 2473-2486.
- Weber, J., Bochi, V. C., Ribeiro, C., Victorio, A. M., & Emanuelli, T. 2007. Effect of different cooking methods on the oxidation, proximate and fatty acid composition of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) fillets. Food Chemistry, 106:140-146.
- Wibowo, M. S.,Efendi, M. D., Widyawati, S. D., Lutojo, Riyanto, J., & Suprayogi, W. P. S. 2012. Penagru Suplementasi Minyak Ikan Lemuru
- dan Minyak Kelapa Sawit Terproteksi dalam Ransum terhadap Perfoman dan kualitas Kimia Daging Domba Lokal Jantan. Jurnal Tropical Animal Husbandry, 1(1): 67-74.
References
Cedoloh, R., Karlilla, T. T., & Pakdeechanuan, P. 2011. Fatty acid composition of important aquatic animals in Southerm Thailand. International food Reseacrh Journal, 18:783-790.
Champe, P. C., Ferrier D. R., & HarveY, R. A. 2008 Cholestrol and steroid metabolism.In: Biochamistry. 4th ed. USA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins :219-244.
Cuzon, G., Addision. L., Gabriela, G., Carlos, S., & Gualliaue, J. 2003. Nutrition of Litopenaeus vannamei reared in tanks or n ponds. Elsevair Aquaculture, (235): 531-551.
Diana, F. M. 2012. Omega 6. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 7 (1): 26-31.
Direktorat Jendral Pengolahan dan pemasaran Hasil Perikanan. 2010. Warta Pasar Ikan: Belut dan Sidat Permintaannya Semakin Meningkat. Jakarta: Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. Edisi April (80). hal 28-29.
Elovara, A. K. 2001. Shrimp Farming Manual. Practical Technology for Intensive Commercial Shrimp Productiion. United States of America. 51 hal.
Linder, M. C. 1991. Nutrition and metabolism of fats. (Maria CLinders Eds) In Nutritional Biochemistry and Metabolism. Connecticut : Apleton and lange. 51-83 pp.
Mahasri, G., Mubarak, A. S., Alamsjah, M. A., & Manan, A. 2012. Buku Ajar. Manajemen Kualitas Air. Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan. Universitas Airlangga. hal 53-69.
Mayes, P. A. 2003. Biosintesis Asam Lemak. Biokimia. Jakarta. hal 30.
Meinelt, T., Schulz, C., & Wirth, M. 1999. The Fatty Acid Composition of Diet Influences The Quality of Fish Eggs. J. Appe. Ichtyol, 15:13-19.
Unit Layan Pemeriksaan Laboratoris, Konsultasi dan Pelatihan Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan. 2016. Uji Proksimat Lengkap. 044/ULPLKP/UA.FKH/5/2016. Universitas Airlangga. 1 hal.
Unit Pelaksana Teknis Balai Informasi Teknologi LIPI. 2009. Gaya Hidup Sehat. Jurnal Pangan dan Kesehatan. hal 1-10.
Tay, A. S. L., & Chew, Y. K. I. P. 2003. The Swamp Eel (monopterus albus) Reduces Endogenus Ammonia Production and Detoxifes Amonia to Glutamine during 144h of Aerial Exposure. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 206: 2473-2486.
Weber, J., Bochi, V. C., Ribeiro, C., Victorio, A. M., & Emanuelli, T. 2007. Effect of different cooking methods on the oxidation, proximate and fatty acid composition of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) fillets. Food Chemistry, 106:140-146.
Wibowo, M. S.,Efendi, M. D., Widyawati, S. D., Lutojo, Riyanto, J., & Suprayogi, W. P. S. 2012. Penagru Suplementasi Minyak Ikan Lemuru
dan Minyak Kelapa Sawit Terproteksi dalam Ransum terhadap Perfoman dan kualitas Kimia Daging Domba Lokal Jantan. Jurnal Tropical Animal Husbandry, 1(1): 67-74.