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Pengaruh Penambahan Crude Fish Oil (CFO) pada Pakan Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) Terhadap Kandungan Kolesterol dan Retensi Lemak Daging
[ Influence of Addition Crude Fish Oil (CFO) in White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Feed to Cholesterol Content and Fat Retention In Meat ]
Corresponding Author(s) : Agustono Agustono
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan,
Vol. 7 No. 1 (2015): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Abstract
Abstract
White shrimp are aquatic organisms consumed by many people and a source of animal protein and fat needed by humans. Shrimp also require fat as a source of energy and metabolic processes to maximize growth. White shrimp meat contains high cholesterol so that it becomes an obstacle to consume white shrimp and high cholesterol in feed can affect the growth of shrimp. This problem can be solved by adding Crude Fish Oil (CFO) which contain high omega-3 fatty acids in white shrimp feed to decrease cholesterol content and source of dietary fat to increase fat retention in meat. The research problem is whether the addition of CFO in white shrimp feed effect on the decrease cholesterol content and increase of fat retention in meat. This research aims to determine the effect of CFO in white shrimp feed to decrease cholesterol and increase of fat retention in meat. The method used is experimental method with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) as the experimental design. The treatment used is different persentage CFO addition to white shrimp feed, ie P0 (0%), P1 (2%), P2 (4%), P3 (6%) and P4 (8%) each treatment is repeated 4 times. Analysis of the data using Analysis of Varians (ANOVA) and to determine the best treatment performed Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Results showed that the addition of CFO in feed give significant effect (p <0.05) to decrease the cholesterol content in meat. The best average decrease of cholesterol content obtained at P3 (135.22 mg/100 g) and P4 (133.51 mg/100 g). Addition of CFO in feed did not give significant effect (p>0.05) to increase fat retention in meat.
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- Agustono., H. Setyono, T. Nurhajati, M. Lamid, M. A. Al-Arief, W. P. Lokapirnasari. 2011. Petunjuk Praktikum Nutrisi Ikan. Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan. Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya.
- Boonyaratpalin, M. 1996. Nutritional Requirements of Commercially Important Shrimp in the Tropics. Proceedings of the National SeminarWorkshop on Fish Nutrition and Feeds. SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department, Iloilo, Philippines.
- Bureau, D. P., P. A. Azevedo, M. T. Salazar, and G. Cuzon. 2000. Pattern and Cost of Growth and Nutrient Deposition in Fish and Shrimp: Potential Implications and Applications. Avances en Nutrición Acuícola V. Memorias del V Simposium Internacional de Nutrición Acuícola. 19-22 Noviembre.
- Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico. Ceccaldi, H. J. 1989. Anatomy and Physiology of Digestive Tract of Crustaceans Decapods Reared in Aquaculture. Advances In Tropical Aquaculture Tahiti. February 20 - March 4, Aquacop.
- Changde, M. S. and R. P. Raj. 1997. Cholesterol Requirement of Juvenile Indian White Prawn Penaeus indicus. J. Aqua. Trop., 12:227-237.
- Cheng, Z. J. And B. W. Hardy. 2004. Protein And Lipid Sources Affect Cholesterol Concentrations Of Juvenile Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone). J. Anim. Sci., 82:1136-1145.
- Ciapara, I. H., A.R. T. Guillen, L. N. Orozco, K.G. M. Robinson and M.C. E. Valle. 2005. Production Of a Low-Cholesterol Shrimp Using Supercritical Extraction. Journal of Food Process Engineering., 28:526–538
- Colpo, A. 2005. LDL Cholesterol : "Bad” Cholesterol, or Bad Science?. Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons., 10(3):83-89.
- Dayal, J. S., A. G. Poniah and K. Ambasankar. 2012. Shrimp as Health Food-Advisory Fact and Sheet. Central Institute Of Brackish Water Aquaculture (Indian Council of Agriculture Research). http://www.ciba.res.in. 10/09/2013.
- Du, Z. Y., Y. J. Liu, L. X. Tian, J. T. Wang, Y. Wang, and G. Y. Liang. 2005. Effect of Dietary Lipid Level on Growth, Feed Utilization and Body Composition by Juvenile Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Aquaculture Nutrition 11; 139-146.
- Felix, M. L. G. and M. P. Velazquez, 2002. Current Status of Lipid Nutrition of Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Avances en Nutrición Acuícola VI.Memorias del VI Simposium Internacional de Nutrición Acuícola. 3 al 6 de Septiembre del 2002.
- Cancún, Quintana Roo, México. Kinsella, J. E., B. Lokesh and R. A. Stone. 1990. Dietary n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Amelic Cardiovascular Disease: Possible Mechanism. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 52:1-28.
- Krzynowek, J. And J. Murphy. 1987. Proximate Composition, Energy, Fatty Acid, Sodium, and Cholesterol Content of Finfish, Shellfish and their Product. NOAA Technical Report NMFS 55.
- Lokapirnasari, W. P. 2013. Potensi Inokulan Selulolitik Enterobacter cloacae dan Minyak Ikan untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Pakan serta Implikasinya terhadap Penampilan Produksi dan Kualitas Daging Broiler. Disertasi. Program Studi Doktor Ilmu Kedokteran. Fakultas Kedokteran. Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya.
- Lucas, J. S. and P. C. Southgate. 2003. Aquaculture Farming Aquatic Animal and Plants. Blackwell Publishing Company. Oxford. UK.
- Manurung, D. M. 2009. Komposisi Kimia, Asam Lemak dan Kolesterol Udang Ronggeng (Harpiosquilla raphidea) Akibat Perebusan. Skripsi. Departemen Teknologi Hasil Perairan. Fakultas Perikanan Dan Ilmu Kelautan. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
- National Research Council. 1993. Nutrient Requirement of Fish. National Academy Press. Wahington, D. C.
- Patawi, A. 1996. Pengaruh Habitat Terhadap kandungan Asam Lemak Omega-3 dan Kolesterol pada Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon Fab). Skripsi. Program Studi Teknologi Hasil Perikanan. Fakultas Perikanan. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
- Plascencia, G. Y., F. V. Albores, and I. H. Ciaparra. 2000. Penaeid Shrimp Hemolymph Lipoproteins. Aquaculture 191:177-189.
- Poedjiadi, A. 1994. Dasar-Dasar Biokimia. UIPress. Salemba. Jakarta.
- Priya, E. R., K. L. J. Kala, S. Ravichandran, and M. Chandran. 2013. Variation of Lipid Concentration in Some Edible Crabs. Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences 5 (1): 110-112.
- Rustan, A. C. And C. A. Drevon. 2005. Fatty Acids: Structures and Properties. Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. John Willey and Sons
References
Agustono., H. Setyono, T. Nurhajati, M. Lamid, M. A. Al-Arief, W. P. Lokapirnasari. 2011. Petunjuk Praktikum Nutrisi Ikan. Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan. Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya.
Boonyaratpalin, M. 1996. Nutritional Requirements of Commercially Important Shrimp in the Tropics. Proceedings of the National SeminarWorkshop on Fish Nutrition and Feeds. SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department, Iloilo, Philippines.
Bureau, D. P., P. A. Azevedo, M. T. Salazar, and G. Cuzon. 2000. Pattern and Cost of Growth and Nutrient Deposition in Fish and Shrimp: Potential Implications and Applications. Avances en Nutrición Acuícola V. Memorias del V Simposium Internacional de Nutrición Acuícola. 19-22 Noviembre.
Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico. Ceccaldi, H. J. 1989. Anatomy and Physiology of Digestive Tract of Crustaceans Decapods Reared in Aquaculture. Advances In Tropical Aquaculture Tahiti. February 20 - March 4, Aquacop.
Changde, M. S. and R. P. Raj. 1997. Cholesterol Requirement of Juvenile Indian White Prawn Penaeus indicus. J. Aqua. Trop., 12:227-237.
Cheng, Z. J. And B. W. Hardy. 2004. Protein And Lipid Sources Affect Cholesterol Concentrations Of Juvenile Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone). J. Anim. Sci., 82:1136-1145.
Ciapara, I. H., A.R. T. Guillen, L. N. Orozco, K.G. M. Robinson and M.C. E. Valle. 2005. Production Of a Low-Cholesterol Shrimp Using Supercritical Extraction. Journal of Food Process Engineering., 28:526–538
Colpo, A. 2005. LDL Cholesterol : "Bad” Cholesterol, or Bad Science?. Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons., 10(3):83-89.
Dayal, J. S., A. G. Poniah and K. Ambasankar. 2012. Shrimp as Health Food-Advisory Fact and Sheet. Central Institute Of Brackish Water Aquaculture (Indian Council of Agriculture Research). http://www.ciba.res.in. 10/09/2013.
Du, Z. Y., Y. J. Liu, L. X. Tian, J. T. Wang, Y. Wang, and G. Y. Liang. 2005. Effect of Dietary Lipid Level on Growth, Feed Utilization and Body Composition by Juvenile Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Aquaculture Nutrition 11; 139-146.
Felix, M. L. G. and M. P. Velazquez, 2002. Current Status of Lipid Nutrition of Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Avances en Nutrición Acuícola VI.Memorias del VI Simposium Internacional de Nutrición Acuícola. 3 al 6 de Septiembre del 2002.
Cancún, Quintana Roo, México. Kinsella, J. E., B. Lokesh and R. A. Stone. 1990. Dietary n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Amelic Cardiovascular Disease: Possible Mechanism. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 52:1-28.
Krzynowek, J. And J. Murphy. 1987. Proximate Composition, Energy, Fatty Acid, Sodium, and Cholesterol Content of Finfish, Shellfish and their Product. NOAA Technical Report NMFS 55.
Lokapirnasari, W. P. 2013. Potensi Inokulan Selulolitik Enterobacter cloacae dan Minyak Ikan untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Pakan serta Implikasinya terhadap Penampilan Produksi dan Kualitas Daging Broiler. Disertasi. Program Studi Doktor Ilmu Kedokteran. Fakultas Kedokteran. Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya.
Lucas, J. S. and P. C. Southgate. 2003. Aquaculture Farming Aquatic Animal and Plants. Blackwell Publishing Company. Oxford. UK.
Manurung, D. M. 2009. Komposisi Kimia, Asam Lemak dan Kolesterol Udang Ronggeng (Harpiosquilla raphidea) Akibat Perebusan. Skripsi. Departemen Teknologi Hasil Perairan. Fakultas Perikanan Dan Ilmu Kelautan. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
National Research Council. 1993. Nutrient Requirement of Fish. National Academy Press. Wahington, D. C.
Patawi, A. 1996. Pengaruh Habitat Terhadap kandungan Asam Lemak Omega-3 dan Kolesterol pada Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon Fab). Skripsi. Program Studi Teknologi Hasil Perikanan. Fakultas Perikanan. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Plascencia, G. Y., F. V. Albores, and I. H. Ciaparra. 2000. Penaeid Shrimp Hemolymph Lipoproteins. Aquaculture 191:177-189.
Poedjiadi, A. 1994. Dasar-Dasar Biokimia. UIPress. Salemba. Jakarta.
Priya, E. R., K. L. J. Kala, S. Ravichandran, and M. Chandran. 2013. Variation of Lipid Concentration in Some Edible Crabs. Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences 5 (1): 110-112.
Rustan, A. C. And C. A. Drevon. 2005. Fatty Acids: Structures and Properties. Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. John Willey and Sons