Perbedaan Asupan Energi, Protein, Zink, dan Perkembangan pada Balita Stunting dan non Stunting
Downloads
Background: Stunting is a nutritional problem caused by inadequate nutrition intake for a long time and/or recurrent infectious diseases. The impacts of stunting are increase mortality, morbidity, health costs, decrease cognitive development, motor, and language development.There are nutrients that important to linear growth as energy, protein, and zinc.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences of intake of the energy, protein, Zinc, development in stunting and non-stunting toddler.
Methods: The research was a cross sectional study with quantitative approach. The sample size was 64 toddler in Manyar Sabrangan Sub-district, Surabaya, 32 toddler each stunting and non-stunting were taken by simple random sampling. The data were collected by measuring height, structure questionnaire, food recall 2x24 hours, questionnaire for screening development (KPSP). The data were analyzed using Chi Square Test.
Results: Non-stunting toddlers have an adequate intake of energy, protein, zinc respectively 71,9%, 93,7%, 71,9%, meanwhile appropriate development was 75%. Stunting toddlers have an inadequate intake of energy, zinc respectively 68,7%, 65,6% and adequate intake of protein was 68,7%, meanwhile deviance development was 62,5%. The results of this study showed that the comparison of differences between stunting and non-stunting toddler were significant (≤0,05) in energy, protein, Zinc, and development.
Conclusion: Non-stunting toddler have a higher intake of the energy, protein, Zinc, and development rather than stunting toddler. Mother of toddler should to increase intake of energy, protein, Zinc to prevent stunting and achieve appropriate development.
ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Stunting adalah permasalahan gizi yang disebabkan oleh asupan zat gizi yang kurang dalam waktu lama dan/atau penyakit infeksi yang berulang. Terdapat beberapa zat gizi yang berperan dalam pertumbuhan linier. Salah satu zat gizi tersebut adalah energi, protein, dan zink. Dampak stunting dapat meningkatkan mortalitas, morbiditas, biaya kesehatan, menurunkan perkembangan kognitif, motorik, dan bahasa.
Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perbedaan asupan energi, protein, Zink, dan perkembangan pada balita stunting dan non stunting.
Metode: Penelian ini menggunakan studi cross sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel terdiri dari 64 balita yang di Kelurahan Manyar Sabrangan Surabaya, balita stunting dan non-stunting masing-masing berjumlah 32. Pengumpulan data menggunakan pengukuran tinggi badan, food recall 2x24 jam, kuesioner pra skrining perkembangan (KPSP) ,dan kuesioner. Data dianalisis menggunakan chi square Tets.
Hasil: Balita non-stunting mempunyai asupan energi, protein, zink adekuat yaitu 71,9%, 93,7%, dan 71,9% serta perkembangan sesuai yaitu 75%. Balita stunting mempunyai asupan energi, zink inadekuat yaitu 68,7%, 65,6% dan protein adekuat yaitu 68,7% serta perkembangan menyimpang yaitu 62,5%. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan perbandingan balita stunting dan non stunting adalah ada perbedaan signifikan (p≤0,05) pada energi, protein, Zink, dan perkembangan.
Kesimpulan: Balita non-stunting mempunyai asupan energi, protein, Fe, Zink yang tinggi dan stimulasi psikososial serta perkembangan yang baik daripada balita stunting. Ibu balita harus meningkatkan asupan energi, protein, Zink agar dapat mencegah terjadinya stunting dan dapat mencapai perkembangan yang sesuai.
Kementrian Kesehatan RI. Keputusan Kementrian Kesehatan RI tentang Standart Antropometri Penilaian Status Gizi Anak. 2011. Available from http://gizi.depkes.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/buku-sk-antropometri-2010.pdf. Diakses pada 2 Oktober 2016.
MCA-Indonesia. Scalling Up Nutrition (SUN) 1000 hari pertama kehidupan. 2015. Available from http://mca-indonesia.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Backgrounder-Stunting-ID.pdf. diakses 2 Oktober 2016.
Kementrian Kesehatan RI. Riset Kesehatan Dasar. 2013. Available from http://www.depkes.go.id/resources/download/general/Hasil%20Riskesdas%202013.pdf. Diakses 3 Oktober 2016.
World health organization. Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition. 2010. Available form http://www.who.int/nutgrowthdb/about/introduction/en/index5.html. Diakses 30 September 2016
World health organization. Childhood Stunting: Context. Causes and Consequences. 2013. Available form http://www.who.int/nutrition/events/2013_ChildhoodStunting_colloquium_14Oct_ConceptualFramework_colour.pdf. Diakses 1 Otober 2016
Solihin RDM, Anwar F, Sukandar D. Kaitan Antara Status Gizi, Perkembangan Kognitif, dan Perkembangan Motorik pada Anak Usia Prasekolah. Jurnal Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan 2013; 36(1): 62-72. Available form http://ejournal.litbang.depkes.go.id/index.php/pgm/article/view/3396/3387. Diakses 21 Desember 2016.
Ibda F. Perkembangan Kognitif: Teori Jean Piaget. Intelektualita 2015; 3(1): 27-38. Available form http://jurnal.ar-raniry.ac.id/index.php/intel/article/download/197/178. Diakses 20 Desember 2016.
Mikhail WZA, Sobhy HM, El-sayed HH, Khairy SA, Abusalem HYH, Samy MA. Effect of Nutritional Status on Growth Pattern of Stunted Preschool Children in Egypt. Academic Journal of Nutrition 2013; 2(1): 01-09. Available form http://www.idosi.org/ajn/2(1)13/1.pdf. Diakses 14 Juni 2017.
Wessells KR, Brown KH. Estimating the Global Prevalence of Zinc Deficiency: Results Based on Zinc Availability in National Food Supplies and the Prevalence of Stunting. Jurnal Plos One 2012; 7(11): e50568. Available form https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3510072/pdf/pone.0050568.pdf. Diakses 3 Maret 2017.
Akomibi BJ, Akho KE, Hall JJ, Merom D, AstellBurt T, Renzaho AMN. Stunting and severe stunting among children under-5 years in Nigeria: A multilevel analysis. BMC Pediatrics 2017; 17(15): 1-16. Available form https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5237247/pdf/12887_2016_Article_770.pdf. Diakses 14 Juni 2017.
Welasasih BD, Wirjatmadi RB. Beberapa Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Status Gizi Balita Stunting. The Indonesian Journal of Public Health 2012; 8(3): 99–104. Available form http://www.journal.unair.ac.id/filerPDF/2.%20Beberapa%20Faktor%20yang%20Berhubungan%20dengan.pdf. Diakses 20 Desember 2016.
Zhang J, Shi J, Himes JH, Du Y, Yang S, Shi S, Zhang J. Undernutrition status of children under 5 years in Chinese rural areas - data from the National Rural Children Growth Standard Survey. Asia Pasific J Clin Nutrition 2011; 20(4): 584-592. Available form http://apjcn.nhri.org.tw/server/APJCN/20/4/584.pdf. Diakses 14 Juni 2017.
Lestari W, Margawati A, Rahfiludin MZ. Faktor Risiko Stunting pada Anak Umur 6-24 Bulan di Kecamatan Penanggalan Kota Subulussalam Provinsi Aceh. Jurnal Gizi Indonesia 2014; 3(1): 37-45. Available form http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/jgi/article/viewFile/8752/7081. Diakses 10 Juni 2017.
Adriani M, Wirjatmadi B. Peranan Gizi dalam Siklus Kehidupan. Jakarta: Kencana Prenadamedia Group; 2014. P. 177-180.
Amin NA, Julia M. Faktor Sosiodemografi dan Tinggi Badan Orang Tua serta Hubunganya dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Usia 6-23 Bulan. Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia 2014; 2(3): 170-177. Available form http://ejournal.almaata.ac.id/index.php/IJND/article/view/299/271. Diakses 22 Desember 2016.
Anugraheni HS, Kartasurya MI. Faktor Risiko Kejadian Stunting Pada Anak Usia 12-36 Bulan Di Kecamatan Pati, Kabupaten Pati. Journal of Nutrition College 2012; 1(1): 30-37. Available form http://ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/jnc. Diakses 15 Juni 2017.
Guerrant RL, Deboer MD, Moore SR, Scharf RJ, Lima AAM. The improverished gut a Triple Burden of diarrhoea, Stunting and Chronic Disease. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2013; 10(4): 220-229. Available form https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3617052/pdf/nihms-448036.pdf. Diakses 15 Juni 2017.
Yablonski GG, Phillip M. Nutritionally-Induced Catch Up Growth. Nutrients 2015; 7: 517-551. Available form www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients. Diakses 14 Juni 2017.
Sari EM, Juffrie M, Nurani N, Sitaresmi MM. Protein, calcium and phosphorus intake of stunting and non stunting children aged 24-59 months. Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia 2016; 12(4): 152-159. Available form https://journal.ugm.ac.id/jgki/article/viewFile/23111/15588. Diakses 14 Juni 2017.
Budiyanto MAK. Dasar Dasar Ilmu Gizi. Malang: UMM Pres; 2004. P. 40-41.
Gibson RS, Manger MS, Krittaphol W, Pongceharoen T, Gowachirapant S, Bailey KB, Winichagoon P. Does zinc deficiency play a role in stunting among primary school children in NE Thailand. British Journal of Nutrition 2007; 97(1): 167–175. Available form https:/www.cambridge.org/core/terms. Diakses 14 Juni 2017.
Agustian L, Sembiring T, Ariani A. Peran Zinkum terhadap Pertumbuhan Anak. Sari Pediatri 2009; 11(4): 244-249. Available form http://saripediatri.idai.or.id/pdfile/11-4-4.pdf . Diakses 9 April 2017.
Roohani N, Hurrell R, Kelishadi R, Schulin R. Zinc and its importance for human health: An integrative review. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 2013; 18(1): 144-157. Available form http://www.jrms.mui.ac.ir/files/journals/1/articles/8963/public/8963-36461-1-PB.pdf. Diakses 14 Juni 2017.
Solihin RDM, Anwar F, Sukandar D. Kaitan Antara Status Gizi, Perkembangan Kognitif, dan Perkembangan Motorik pada Anak Usia Prasekolah. Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan 2013; 36 (1): 62-72. Available form http://ejournal.litbang.depkes.go.id/index.php/pgm/article/view/3396/338. Diakses 28 Oktober 2016.
Wachs TD, Georgieff M, Cusick S, McEwen B. Issues in the Timing of Integrated Early Interventions: Contributions from Nutrition, Neuroscience and Psychological Research. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2014; 1308: 89–106. Available form https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4075015/pdf/nihms565175.pdf . Diakses 2 Juli 2017.
Diana FM. Omega 3 dan Kecerdasan Otak. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 2013; 7(2): 82-88. Available form jurnal.fkm.unand.ac.id/index.php/jkma/article/view/113/119. Diakses 5 Oktober 2016.
Georgieff MK. American Society for Clinical Nutrition Nutrition and the developing brain: nutrient priorities and measurement. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2007; 85(2): 614-620. Available form http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/85/2/614S.full. Diakses 2 oktober 2016.
Nyaradi A, Jianghong, Hickling S, Foster J, Oddy WH. The role of nutrition in children's neurocognitive development, from pregnancy through childhood, Human Neuroscience 2013; 7(97): 1-16. Available form https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3607807/pdf/fnhum-07-00097.pdf. Diakses 14 Juni 2017.
Kadi FA, Garna H, Fadlyana E. Kesetaraan Hasil Kuisioner Risiko Penyimpangan Perkembangan Menurut Cara KPSP dan Denver II pada anak usia 12-14 bulan dengan Berat Lahir Rendah. Jurnal Sari Pediatari 2008; 10(1): 29-33. Available form.http://saripediatri.idai.or.id/pdfile/10-1-5.pdf. Diakses 18 September 2016.
AMERTA NUTR by Unair is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. The journal allows the author to hold the copyright of the article without restrictions.
2. The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions
3. The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC BY-SA).
4. The Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC BY-SA) license allows re-distribution and re-use of a licensed work on the conditions that the creator is appropriately credited and that any derivative work is made available under "the same, similar or a compatible license”. Other than the conditions mentioned above, the editorial board is not responsible for copyright violation.
